ATI Med Surg 1: GASTROINTESTINAL
DISORDERS Chapters 41-50
Terms in this set (134)
Original
GERD is
a condition in which stomach acids repeatedly flows back up into the tube connecting the mouth &
stomach called the esophagus
GERD Pathophysiology (disease/injury)
lower esophageal LES splinter, too much ACID, weakens LES & introduces acid into the esophagus
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GERD risk factors
-wear tight clothes
-high/fat greasy foods
-obesity
-smoking
-heavy meals
-cavities (from acid)
S/S of GERD
%
-breathing halitosis (bad breath/odor)
-heartburn (chest pain)
-burning sensation
-regurgitation (burping)
-rotting teeth
Dx for GERD
-EDG aka: ENDOSCOPY (allows to check if the LES is opening/closing)
-check around for acid production
-too much production causes ULCERS
-check the stomach lining
-monitor gag reflux
-Barium Swallow (in between HES and LES splinters)
TX for GERD
-dual therapy
-pharmacokinetics
-PPI (proton pump inhibitors)
-h2 receptors
-pills (tums)
-surgical (nissen fundoplication)
-360 degree wrap of stomach & esophagus (to reconstruct the LES to function as a 1 WAY valve)
,Pt education for GERD
-diet & lifestyle
-avoid large meals
-don't lay down after eating
-no carbonated drinks
-no alcohol
-avoid spicy foods/coffee
-no tight clothing
-lose weight
-no smoking
-no heavy lifting
Meds for GERD
(Histamine & Antacids)
-histamine (famotidine, cimetidine, nizatidine)
-antacids (tums)
-PPIs (pantoprazole, omeprazole, esomeprazole, rabeprazole, & lansoprazole)
-meds listed here reduce gastric acids in the stomach
GERD can lead to Barrets
Barrett's Esophagus is
-a condition in which tissue that is similar to the lining of your intestine replaces the tissue lining of
your esophagus, people with BE may develop a rare cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma
%
Barrett's Esophagus causes
long-term exposure to stomach acid
Barrett's Esophagus S/S
-heartburn
-indigestion
-blood in vomit/stools
-difficulty in swallowing solid foods
-nocturnal regurgitation (acidic/bitter liquid coming up to the chest/mouth during the night)
Tx for Barrett's Esophagus
-medical monitoring
-medications
-surgery
Dx Testing for Barrett's Esophagus
upper endoscopy w/biopsy
NI for Barrett's Esophagus
-assist w/ determining the cause of GERD w/ clients
-review lifestyles that can decrease gastric reflux
Complications for Barrett's Esophagus
Risk Factors for Barrett's Esophagus
, Peptic Ulcer Disease is
a sore or open area in the lining of the stomach/duodenum (1st part of the small intestine)
Peptic Ulcer Disease Pathophysiology
a condition by erosion of GI muscosa from digestive action of HCL acid pepsin
S/S of Peptic Ulcer Disease
-acute pain
-nausea
-lack of knowledge, burning/gaseous
-pressure in epigastric
-cramping
-back pain
Risk Factors for Peptic Ulcer Disease
-pts takes corticosteroids/anticoagulants
-NSAIDs
-high alcohol intake
-smoking
-psychological distress/stress
Laboratory test for Peptic Ulcer Disease
-CBC
-liver enzymes
-serum amylase
%
Dx testing for Peptic Ulcer Disease
-upper GI endoscopy
-biopsy
-stool testing for blood (GUALC test)
Safety Considerations for Peptic Ulcer Disease
-maintain patency of NG tube to prevent blood clots
-irrigate the NG tube w/NS solution to assist functioning
Nursing Interventions for Peptic Ulcers
-provide a quiet/restful environment
-give IV fluids & record I&O
-monitor changes in VS (could indicate GI bleeding)
-avoid NSAIDs
-no smoking
-limit coffee
Client Education for Peptic Ulcer Disease
-avoid foods that cause gastric distress such as acid foods
-avoid OTC
-stress can relate to S&S and PUD
-no alcohol
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