Single Crystal - Periodic atom arrangement without grain boundaries.
Polycrystalline - Multiple crystals with varying orientations.
Grain Boundary - Boundary where atomic alignment differs in polycrystalline materials.
, Anisotropy - Directional property variation in materials.
Isotropy - Uniform property distribution in all directions.
X-ray Diffraction - Analyzing crystal structures using x-ray patterns, following Bragg's Law.
Bragg's Law - Relates x-ray diffraction angles to crystal lattice spacing.
Crystalline defect - Lattice irregularities in solids
Vacancies - Empty atom sites in a crystal lattice
Self-interstitials - Atoms positioned in the interstitial spaces of a crystal lattice
Equilibrium number of vacancies equation - Ratio of vacancies to total atom sites
Hume-Rothery rules - Guidelines for solid solution formation
Atomic size factor (Hume-Rothery) - solid solution only when the difference in atomic radii between the
two atom types is less than about ±15%. Otherwise, the solute atoms create substantial lattice
distortions and a new phase forms
Crystal structure (Hume-Rothery) - For appreciable solid solubility, the crystal structures for metals of
both atom types must be the same.
Electronegativity factor (Hume-Rothery) - The more electropositive one element and the more
electronegative the other, the greater the likelihood that they will form an intermetallic compound
instead of a substitutional solid solution
Valences (Hume-Rothery) - Other factors being equal, a metal has more of a tendency to dissolve
another metal of higher valency than to dissolve one of a lower valency.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller VasilyKichigin. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.48. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.