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APSC 151 Exam Prep | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions
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APSC 151 Exam Prep | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions

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  • August 4, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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APSC 151 Exam Prep | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025
Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions

Hydrosphere - Geological zone that includes Oceans, glacial ice and freshwater



Catastrophism - One big sudden change - only true for meteor impacts. Shaping Earth's landscape by
catastrophes.



Uniformitarianism - Charles Lyell's idea that geologic processes have not changed throughout Earth's
history.



Divergent Boundary - A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.



Geomagnetic Reversals - a change in a planet's magnetic field such that the positions of magnetic north
and magnetic south are interchanged, while geographic north and geographic south remain the same.



Pangea - A supercontinent containing all of Earth's land that existed about 225 million years ago.



Atmosphere - A mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth.



Bioshpere - all the parts of the planet that are inhabited by living things; sum of all Earth's ecosystems



Geosphere - the solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle



Continental Drift - The hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke
up, and drifted to their present locations - Proposed by Alfred Wagner



Core - The central part of the earth below the mantle made of two parts - a liquid outer shell, and a solid
centre



Precambrian - Name for the time in earths early history that accounts for over 80% of earth's time, but
only cellular organisms lived.

,Mesozoic Era - Age of reptiles



Paleozoic Era - the part of geologic time 570-245 million years ago ; invertebrates, fishes, amphibians,
reptiles, ferns, and cone-bearing trees were dominant



Lithosphere - A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.



Asthenosphere - The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats.



Mesosphere - The strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core



Convergent Boundary - A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.



mid-ocean ridge - An underwater moutain chain where new ocean floor is formed



subduction zone - The region where oceanic plates sink down into the asthenosphere.



Minerals - Molecules that occur naturally, are inorganic, solid, and have a definite and ordered atomic
structure.



Polymorph - One mineral that can take multiple forms (Ex: Carbon is graphite and diamond)



crystal habit - the general shape of a crystal or cluster of crystals that grew unimpeded



Lustre - A word used to describe how shiny a metal is.



Streak - the color of a mineral's powder

, Cleavage - A mineral's ability to split easily along flat surfaces.



Hardness - A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched (measured using Moh's Scale)



Silicates - minerals that contain silicon and oxygen and usually one or more other elements, including
olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, feldspars and biotite/muscovite.



Oxides - compounds that contain oxygen and an element other than silicon



Extrusive Rocks - rocks formed from molten lava that hardens on the earth's surface



igneous rock - a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface



metamorphic rock - A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or
chemical reactions.



sedimentry rock - A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and
animals are pressed and cemented together



Mafic - describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron and that is generally dark in
color



Felsic - Describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspars and silica and that is generally light in
color.



intrusive rock - Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface.



Crystalization - The process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure



magmatic differentiation - the formation of one or more secondary magmas from a single parent
magma

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