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APSC 151 Week 5 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions
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APSC 151 Week 5 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions

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  • August 4, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • apsc 151 week 5 questions answers 100 score

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APSC 151 Week 5 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025
Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions

Force - A push or pull exerted on an object



Stress - Force applied to a given area

Varies by direction in a solid



Pressure - In a liquid is equal in all directions



Strain - Changes the size or shape of a rock body caused by stress



Compressive stress formula - L-Lo/Lo



What creates strains in the earths crust - Continuous tectonic plate movement



Deformation: Types of stress - 1. Differential stress - applied unequally from different directions

2. Compressional stress - shortens a rock body

3. Tensional stress - elongates a rock body

4. Shear stress - changes the shape of a rock body



Deformation of a rock body - All of the changes in the original form/size of a rock body



Where do most crustal deformations occur - Along or near plate margins



Crystal deformation - Under directed pressure from tectonics, atoms move (slowly) within a solid to
create shortening in one direction



Ways rocks can deform - 1. Elastic deformation - recoverable deformations (ex. like a spring)

2. Brittle fracture - break into pieces (ex. like a broken bone)

, 3. Ductile deformation - permanent deformation without breaking (ex. bending a wire)



Geologic structures - 1. folds

2. faults

3. joints



How to map geological structures - 1. determine the steepest angle or inclination from horizontal to the
plane

2. Indicate dip direction (bearing or azimuth of the dip)

3. The strike (azimuth 90 degree to dip direction)



How rocks form - Temperature and confining pressure



Ductile deformation process - - high temperatures and pressure deep: solid state flow

- Often with metamorphism



Brittle fractures process - - low temperatures and surface pressures



Folds process - - during crustal deformation, rocks are often bent into a series of wave-like undulations

- most folds result from compressional stresses which shorten and thicken the crust



Parts of a fold - Limbs - two sides of a fold

Axis - crest of the fold

Plunge - inclined axis

Axial plane - divides a fold as symmetrically as possible



Types of folds - 1. anticline - up-warped or arches rocked layers (folds up)... folds with OLDER layers on
the inside

2. syncline - down-warped or trough of layers (folds down)... folds with YOUNGER layers on the inside

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