Definition of Epidemiology - Study of frequency, distribution and determinants of health and disease in
populations. Disease distribution is not random.
primary prevention - preventing the initial development of a disease
ex. immunization, condoms, lab coat
Secondary Prevention - Early detection of an existing disease
ex. cancer screening, mammogram
Tertiary Prevention - Reducing impact of the disease. Treating signs and symptoms
ex. stroke rehabilitation, tylenol, losing weight
Who developed a hand-washing policy to make sure medical students didn't transmit childbed fever to
pregnant women - Semmelweis
Who discovered that cowpox is a way of preventing small pox? - Jenner
Who theorized that cholera comes from contaminated water? - Snow
Who found the cause and cure of scurvy aboard ships? - Lind
Who observed that chimney sweepers were more likely to get carcinogenic tumours? - Pott
vectors - - indirect route of transmission from animal to human
- 75% of all diseases
- zoonotic (between animals and humans)
Subclinical Disease - when you don't show symptoms of illness
ex. cases of polio
Clinical Disease - shows symptoms
- preclinical aren't yet apparent but will become clinical
Persistent Chronic Disease - Infection persists for years
Latent Disease - infection w no active multiplication of the agent
Infected Vs Diseased - infected: host is invaded by organisms and hosts immune system responds
diseased: infection causes clinical signs and symptoms
Carrier - harbours the organism but isn't infected
- can still infect others but at a lower risk than other infections
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