AMFTRB MFT Exam Set 1/2 (Marriage and Family Therapy) | Questions & Answers (100
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Premack principle of punishment - From behavioral therapy , a technique in which a high probability
behavior i.e. one that the subject would voluntarily tend to engage in frequently , is used to reinforce a
low probability target behavior in order to increase the frequency of the target behavior - dessert after
dinner
Punishment - From the operant conditioning paradigm , a process for decreasing an undesirable
behavior by applying an aversive stimulus immediately following the target behavior . For example , a
teacher reprimands ( aversive stimulus ) a child when the child throws his sandwich on the floor ( target
behavior In response the child no longer throws food on the floor . Note : the same apparently "
aversive stimulus may be perceived by the organism - in this case the child - as either punishing or
reinforcing . If the teacher's reprimand satisfies the child's need for attention and as a result the
frequency of the target behavior increases the interaction can no longer be defined as punishment but
as a negative reinforcement See Negative Reinforcement
Ripple Effect - Refers to how a change that occurs at one level of a system results in changes at other
levels of the system
Working Through - From psychodynamic therapy , insight leads clients to engage in new and more
productive ways of behaving and interacting .
Therapeutic Letters - From narrative therapy , a procedure created by Epston used to extend the
therapy in which the therapist summarizes in writing the client's competencies with respect to
overcoming the problem and acknowledges the sparkling events
Shaping - A behavioral procedure in which successive approximations to a desired often more complex
behavior are reinforced until the desired behavior is achieved
Marriage Encounter - A psychoeducational weekend couple's retreat for improved communication
problem solving sexual intimacy , and spiritual health Originally for Catholic married couples and later
adapted for Protestant and Jewish couples .
,Multidirectional Partiality - From Nagy's contextual family therapy , the clinical stance of the therapist in
which the therapist is accountable to , and supportive of , every relevant member , even when it
necessitates accepting contradictory positions within a conflict The therapist strives for neutrality joins
with each family member , and keeps communication open with all members
Ordeal - From strategic family therapy directive that is aimed at making the symptom harder to keep
than The ordeal requires the give up family member or members to do something they do not want to
do but is something that would benefit them in some way -Creates a hadship to Continuing the
symptom
Feminist Family Therapy - A treatment philosophy with a nonsexist , egalitarian view in which the social
and familial gender roles of women and men are actively considered , including the perspective that
social and cultural structures often give men a greater amount of power and control over political and
economic resources .
Levels of Intervention - Targeting interventions at a specific family subsystem , such as the children or
parents .
Exciting Ego - From object relations theory , one of three parts of the ego . It is unconscious , inflexible ,
and in a state of longing for a tempting but unsatisfying object .
Detouring - From structural family therapy when two family members attempt to preserve their
relationship by defining their conflict as a disagreement about a third person , keeping the focus on that
person rather than themselves and their problem
Quantitative Analysis - The analysis of the numeric quantity of elements in an interaction .
Rubber Fence - Wynne's term for the type of boundaries around some families that may appear open
and flexible , but which in fact permit little information from the outside to penetrate . In these families ,
rules are in constant flux .
Simple Bind From Hoffman , a mechanism for change in which a message or request is given and the
recipient's new behavior is rewarded . Distinguished from a double bind in which the nature of the
message insures that no response will be rewarded . A double bind is a simple bind that is continually
imposed and then continually lifted . -
, Constitutionalist Self - From narrative therapy , the view of self is plastic and continuously deconstructed
and reconstructed through interactions . The sense of self derives from experiences that fit into the
dominant narrative . The therapist and client co - construct a new self that is more congruent with the
client's preferred outcome .
Bi Modal Feedback Mechanism - From Ashby , the rule - bound mechanism by which a system remains
unchanged so long as the internal or external environment is stable , but when the fluctuation exceeds
the range of stability the system must respond in some new way . The system either breaks down or it
makes a leap into new levels of functioning . The change results in a new set of patterns which , like the
old pattern , is also bound by rules , and it , too , remains unchanged , so long as the environment is
stable
Perturbation - An intervention which introduces a small change or ripple without altering the system's
basic organization in an attempt to magnify the change later
The Dirty Middle - From Framo's couples therapy an impasse in treatment when couples have gained
some insight about the nature of the problems and the irrationality of their demands on one another ,
but they still have differences as to what each want from one another and from the marriage .
Emotional Divorce - From Bowen's family therapy , the cool distance between the parents whose
relationships vacillated between overcloseness and overdistance .
Facts - From contextual theory , the attributes that people are born with ( gender , ethnicity , birth
defects ) and their life experiences ( parental divorce , abuse ) ,
Functional Analysis - A behavioral assessment technique used to determine the interpersonal or
environmental contingencies that maintain the problem .
Hypothesizing - A technique used by Milan systemic therapists . A trial and error process by which the
therapist makes initial suppositions about the presenting problem , then tests the supposition by asking
questions or making an intervention based on that hypothesis . The original supposition is then revised
according to the new information This cybernetic process makes use of information resulting from
completed feedback loops .
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