authoritarian style - ✔✔A management style that seeks to control students' behavior through many
rules, procedures, and consequences.
democratic style of leadership - ✔✔A style of leadership characterized by the leader asking subordinates
for input and subsequently implementing policy based on the responses provided
laizzez-faire style - ✔✔have an attitude of trust and reliance on their employees. They don't
micromanage or get too involved, they don't give too much instruction or guidance. Instead laissez-faire
leaders let their employees use their creativity, resources, and experience to help them meet their
goals.
Temperature Reading - ✔✔A therapeutic technique of Satir, in which family members express their
hopes and wishes each day between sessions to show their appreciation of one another and discuss
complaints and solutions.
deinstitutionalization movement (originated early 1980s) - ✔✔mental health transition that led to a
pressure to remove patients from the hospital and place them in the "least restrictive alternative" in the
community.
increase in homelessness and criminal justice sys. contacts occurred b/c not enough community mental
health facilities/services were available
Neurological Disorders - ✔✔Chemical imbalances that influence a person's neurological functioning and
may contribute to a loss of emotional control and violence.
externalizing the problem - ✔✔A narrative therapy technique described by White, in which a problem or
symptom is conceptualized and discussed as though it originated outside the family or person. The
problem is personified, and its powers and designs for the person or family are explored. For example,
therapists might then ask questions about the problem, such as, "When did Schizophrenia come in to
your family, and what do you think its plans are for your future?"
,Anorgasmia. (The overall prevalence is 30%.) - ✔✔What is the term for an inhibited female orgasm?
As If Structure - ✔✔From symbolic-experiential therapy, family members are encouraged to freely
experiment as if they were in the role of the other, so long as they understand that the role-play is
symbolic. The process allows family members to alternately experiment and return to their secure roles.
Father of family therapy - ✔✔Ackerman: psychoanalytic approach, insight oriented
FAP (fixed action pattern) - ✔✔Ritualistic behaviors, which are common to all members of a species, are
known as
allow clients to work through early conflicts - ✔✔There are behavioral, structural, and maturational
theories of development. The maturational viewpoint utilizes the plant growth analogy, in which the
mind is seen as being driven by instincts while the environment provides nourishment, thus placing
limits on development. Counselors who are maturationists
Robert Kegan speaks of a "holding environment" in counseling in which - ✔✔the client can make
meaning in the face of a crisis and can find new direction.
cross-cultural counseling.
multicultural counseling.
intercultural counseling. - ✔✔America has been called the most diverse country on the face of our
planet. Counseling a client from a different social and/or cultural background is known as
cultural pluralism (multiculturalism) - ✔✔The retention of minority groups' cultural identities and the
promotion of cultural, ethnic, and racial diversity by the larger society.
Culture refers to - ✔✔customs shared by a group which distinguish it from other groups; values shared
by a group that are learned from others in the group; attitudes, beliefs, art, and language which
characterize members of a group
, Our culture is more diverse than in the past. Multicultural counselors often work with persons who are
culturally different. This means the client - ✔✔belongs to a different culture from the helper.
In the United States, each socioeconomic group represents - ✔✔a separate culture.
Which therapist was not instrumental in the early years of the social psychology movement? - ✔✔Eric
Berne, the father of transactional analysis
Emile Durkheim - ✔✔-Father of sociology, pioneer of modern social research and established the field as
separate and distinct from psychology and politics
-Major proponent of functionalism
-Argued that modern society was more complex than primitive societies because they were all similar,
shared a common language. Even when people were dissimilar, they relied on each other to make
society function.
William McDougall - ✔✔wrote Intro to Social Psychology, 'hormic psychology' (individual and group
behavior is result of inherited tendencies to seek goals)
is the father of "hormic psychology," a Darwinian viewpoint which suggested that individuals in or out of
groups are driven by innate, inherited tendencies
Freud and Lorenz - ✔✔________ and ________ would say that regardless of culture, humans have an
instinct to fight.
Social learning theorists - ✔✔________ believe that aggression is learned. Thus, a child who witnesses
aggressive behavior in adults may imitate the aggressive behavior.
the 1972 formation of the Association for Non-White Concerns in Personnel and Guidance, later known
as the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development. - ✔✔The APGA, which became the
AACD until 1992 and is now the ACA, contributed to the growth of cross-cultural counseling by
-wrote the 1978 classic Seasons of a Man's Life and the 1997 sequel Seasons of a Woman's Life.
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