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Student RDH - Pharmacology Exam
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Student RDH - Pharmacology Exam2024-2025
Drugs are chemicals that affect on living systems on a molecular level.
Pharmacology is the study of medications and how they affect living beings.
Toxicology is the study of adverse or toxic consequences of substances.
ANSWER manufacturer's name, with the first letter capitalized.
generic name - ANSWER chemical composition of a medicine, lowercase, less
expensive.
Contraindications are medical or physical issues that make the medicine
inadvisable.
Synergism - ANSWER obtaining more than the desired effect by taking two
medications
Tolerance - ANSWER decreasing effect of a medicine with time, with patients
needing greater dosages to achieve the same effect.
qd - Answer once a day.
Bid - Answer twice a day.
Tid - Answer three times per day.
,qid - Answer four times each day.
PC - ANSWER after meals.
ac - Answer before meals.
po - answer by muth
PRN - ANSWER as needed
HS - ANSWER at bedtime
Enteral administration - ANSWER GI tract, safest, slowest and most variable route
Enternal - Oral Answer
sublingual
rectal
Oral administration – The medicine is ingested.
may induce gastrointestinal distress.
The first-pass effect
sublingual - ANSWER medication placed under the mouth capillaries under the
tongue are accelerated by absorption.
avoids the first-pass effect.
, ANSWER Drug is administered in the rectum.
Sublingual and rectal administration - ANSWER avoid the first pass effect.
Parenteral administration - ANSWER medicines bypass the digestive tract
Parenteral administration routes: ANSWER Intravenous
Intramuscular
subcutaneous
intradermal
topical/transdermal
inhalation
Intravenous – The medication directly enters the systemic circulation.
100% immediate.
The best choice for controlling the level of medicines
Used in emergency conditions and chemotherapy.
Intramuscular - The drug is administered into the muscles.
Subcutaneous - The medicine is injected beneath the skin.
Intradermal - the medicine is injected into the dermal layer.
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