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UNITEK HAYWARD PHARMACOLOGY | QUIZ 1 | CHAPTERS 1, 2, 3
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UNITEK HAYWARD PHARMACOLOGY | QUIZ 1 | CHAPTERS 1, 2, 3
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UNITEK HAYWARD PHARMACOLOGY | QUIZ 1 |CHAPTERS 1, 2, 3
Which description best defines a medication?
A) Chemical substance that requires a prescription by a health professional
B) Drug used for a therapeutic effect to treat or prevent an illness
C) Pharmacologic preparation used to reverse disease
D) Plant, animal, or mineral substance that prevents disease - answer- B) Drug used for
a therapeutic effect to treat or prevent an illness
Medications are drugs used for their therapeutic effects. A therapeutic effect can be the
prevention or treatment of disease. All medications do not require a prescription.
Specifying a certain action is not the best definition of a medication because it is
incomplete.
What is the trade name of a drug?
A) The proprietary name of the drug given by a manufacturer.
B) The chemical name of the drug given by its developer.
C) The name given to the drug by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
D) The name under which the drug is listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia. - answer- A) The
proprietary name of the drug given by a manufacturer.
The trade or brand name is the proprietary name given to the drug by its manufacturer.
The same drug produced by different companies has one generic name but may have
many trade names. The trade name is trademark protected and can be used only by its
manufacturer. The drug may be listed under more than one name in the Pharmacopeia.
The book is used to provide standards for identity, quality, strength, and purity of
substances used in healthcare practice. The trade name is not given to a drug by the
FDA. The chemical name is the exact chemical constitution of the drug and the exact
placing of its atoms or molecular groupings.
A patient states he is allergic to the medication the nurse is ready to administer to him.
What does the nurse do next?A) Withholds the medication and checks the drug insert
for information on reactions to the drug
B) Gives the medication as ordered and records the patient's statements in the nurse's
notes
C) Gives the medication and monitors the patient at regular intervals for adverse effects
D) Withholds the medication and notifies the prescriber of the situation - answer- D)
Withholds the medication and notifies the prescriber of the situation
Allergic or hypersensitivity reactions to drugs can be severe and life-threatening.
Therefore, the drug is held and the prescriber is notified. Because of the possible
seriousness of an allergic reaction, the drug would not be given. If a patient has a mild
reaction, it should be understood as a warning to not take the medication again. The
patient is much more likely to have an anaphylactic reaction during his or her next
exposure to the drug; however, it is also very important to seek clarification with the
patient of what type of reaction occurred. It may have been a "side effect" and not an
allergy. This should be reported to the prescriber to determine if it is appropriate to
,administer the medication. Allergic or hypersensitivity reactions to drugs can be severe
and life-threatening, so the medication should not be given to someone with a
documented allergy. Checking the drug insert for information is not the best course of
action.
A patient takes two medications. Drug A is taken once per day; drug B is taken every 8
hours. Based on this information, what does the nurse conclude about drug A?
A) It has a higher rate of protein binding than drug B.
B) It has a wider therapeutic range than drug B.
C) It is less toxic than drug B.
D) It has a longer half-life than drug B. - answer- D) It has a longer half-life than drug B.
The half-life is determined by an individual's ability to metabolize and excrete a
particular drug. Drugs with long half lives need to be administered only once daily,
whereas drugs with short half lives need to be administered more often to maintain
therapeutic activity. Drug A is taken once a day, which means it has a longer half-life
than drug B. The shorter the half-life, the more frequently a drug should be
administered. Drug A may be more or less toxic than drug B; there is no way to know
based on the information provided. Protein binding affects drug activity; the bound drug
is pharmacologically inactive and the unbound drug is active. Frequency of
administration does not reflect extent of protein binding. Therapeutic range refers to the
range of plasma drug levels between the minimum effective concentration and the toxic
concentration. No conclusion regarding the therapeutic range is possible based on the
information provided.
When caring for a patient with abnormal functioning of hepatic enzymes, the nurse is
most concerned with monitoring for signs of change in which aspect of
pharmacokinetics?
A) Distribution
B) Absorption
C) Metabolism
D) Excretion - answer- C) Metabolism
Metabolism is the process whereby the body inactivates drugs. Hepatic enzyme
systems are the primary site for metabolism or biotransformation of drugs in the body. If
levels of hepatic enzymes are high, drug metabolism may occur more rapidly than
normal. Conversely, if hepatic enzyme activity is low, drug metabolism is slowed and
there is risk of drug accumulation. Absorption is not affected by the level of hepatic
enzymes. Distribution of a drug is affected by blood flow, not by the level of hepatic
enzymes. The kidneys are the primary area of drug excretion. Hepatic enzymes are not
directly involved in drug excretion.
What is the effect of protein binding on drugs in the bloodstream?
A) Precipitation of an idiosyncratic reaction
B) Accumulation of the drug
C) Inactivation of the drug
D) Increased risk of allergic reaction - answer- C) Inactivation of the drug
, Drugs bound to plasma proteins are pharmacologically inactive because the large size
of the complex keeps them in the bloodstream and prevents them from reaching the
sites of action, metabolism, and excretion. Only the free or unbound portion of a drug is
able to diffuse into tissues, interact with receptors, and produce physiologic effects; it is
also only this portion that can be metabolized and excreted. Protein binding is not
associated with accumulation of a drug in the bloodstream, not involved in an allergic
reaction to a drug, and not associated with an idiosyncratic reaction to a drug.
A patient is receiving a medication to increase urine output. The patient's urinary output
increases significantly and the blood pressure decreases slightly. How is the effect of
decrease in blood pressure classified?
A) Desired effect
B) Therapeutic effect
C) Common side effect
D) Toxic effect - answer- C) Common side effect
A side effect is any result of a drug or therapy that occurs in addition to the intended
effect, regardless of whether it is beneficial or undesirable. The decrease in blood
pressure is a common adverse effect. An increase in urinary output is the desired or
therapeutic effect. Although the decrease in blood pressure may not be a bad effect, it is
not the reason the drug was given and therefore is not the therapeutic effect, nor the
desired effect. A toxic effect is defined as a severe adverse effect, so the slight
decrease in blood pressure is not a toxic effect.
Which is the most common symptom of a hypersensitivity reaction to a medication?
A) Wheezing
B) Vomiting
C) Urticaria
D) Anaphylaxis - answer- C) Urticaria
Allergic reactions, also known as hypersensitivity reactions, occur among patients who
have previously been exposed to a drug and whose immune systems have developed
antibodies to the drug. Upon re exposure to the drug, the antibodies cause a reaction;
this reaction is most commonly seen as raised, irregularly shaped patches on the skin
known as hives, which cause severe itching, known as urticaria. Urticaria, or hives, is
the most common type of hypersensitivity reaction to medications. This should be taken
as a warning that a second exposure to the drug could result in a life-threatening
anaphylactic reaction. Although wheezing is a hypersensitivity reaction to a medication,
it is not the most common reaction. Although anaphylaxis is a life-threatening reaction to
a medication, it is not the most common hypersensitivity reaction. Although vomiting is a
side effect of taking a medication, it is not the most common hypersensitivity reaction.
Genetic makeup is most likely to alter a person's response to medication through its
effect on which factor?
A) Drug metabolism
B) Drug excretion
C) Drug distribution
D) Drug absorption - answer- A) Drug metabolism
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