Which one of the four components of the adaptation process pertains to reception of sensory stimuli
from internal and external environments?
A. Assimilation
B. Accommodation
C. Association
D. Differentiation - A. Assimilation is the reception of sensory stimuli from internal and external
envi...
NBCOT Practice Questions
Which one of the four components of the adaptation process pertains to reception of sensory stimuli
from internal and external environments?
A. Assimilation
B. Accommodation
C. Association
D. Differentiation - A. Assimilation is the reception of sensory stimuli from internal and external
environments. Accommodation is the motor response to these stimuli. Association is the organized
process of relating current sensory information with the current motor response and then relating this
relationship to past responses. Differentiation is the process of identifying the specific elements in a
situation that are useful and relevant to another situation to refine the responsive pattern. (Occupational
Therapy for Children by Case-Smith)
A 3-year-old has accidentally ingested lead while playing near ceramic tiles that the family bought to
renovate their house. A system that an OT working in pediatric acute care would note to be affected by
lead poisoning would be:
A. Vocal
B. Circulatory
C. Digestive
D. Cardiac - B. In lead poisoning, lead affects the circulatory system by severely limiting the body's
ability to synthesize heme, leading to the accumulation of alternate metabolites in the body and,
ultimately, anemia. The most significant and irreversible damage occurs in the nervous system. Fluid
builds up in the brain, and intracranial pressure can reach life-threatening levels. Cortical atrophy and
lead encephalitis can lead to mental retardation, paralysis, blindness, and deafness. (Occupational
Therapy for Children by Case-Smith)
A 4-year-old has been diagnosed with mental retardation. A characteristic that is likely to occur with
impaired intellectual ability is:
A. Acceptable social skills
B. Impairment of occupational performance areas
C. Development of bizarre attachment to unusual objects
D. Poor eye contact - B. A child diagnosed with mental retardation will show significantly impaired
intellectual ability, behavioral deficits, and impairmnet of the skills required for independence in
, occupational performance areas (i.e., age-appropriate play, dressing, and communication). (Occupational
Therapy for Children by Case-Smith)
A 5-year-old child has been diagnosed with a pervasive disorder that affects both the neurologic and
motor behavioral functions. The diagnosis that MOST closely relates to the child's condition is:
A. Respiratory distress syndrome
B. Tourette's syndrome
C. Asperger's syndrome
D. Learning disabilities - B. Tourette's syndrome is a pervasive disorder that affects neurologic and
motor behavioral function, especially motor tics and vocalizations. Therefore, it is likely that the child has
Tourette's syndrome. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith)
A 5-year-old child presents with difficulty climbing stairs, rising from a sitting or lying position, and
demonstrates progressive fatigue caused by muscle weakness. The OT might suspect a problem with:
A. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
B. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
C. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
D. A congenital muscular dystrophy - A. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive
disorder caused by the deficiency in the production of dystrophin. Dystrophin is a component of the
plasma membrane of the muscle fibers, the deficiency of which causes the muscle to degenerate and
malfunction. The calf muscles are enlarged because of fibrosis and proliferation of the adipose tissue,
which causes muscle weakness. Therefore, the child's condition could be diagnosed as Duchenne's
muscular dystrophy. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith)
A 5-year-old child with Down syndrome shows significant loss of weight, high fever, and paleness, and is
diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia. In which of the following phases of leukemia will he be
administered chemotherapy to treat small deposits of cells that remain after remission?
A. Phase I - Induction therapy
B. Phase II - Central nervous system prophylaxis
C. Phase III - Intensification and consolidation
D. Phase IV - Maintenance or continuation therapy - C. Chemotherapy is administered in Phase III
- the intensification and consolidation phase- to remove small deposits of cells that remain after
remission. (Occupational Therapy for Children by Case-Smith)
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