NUR 219 Exam 1 Study Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NURS 219
Institution
NURS 219
What is hydrostatic pressure? the force exerted by the blood confined within blood vessels or heart chambers
What is oncotic pressure? regulates the passage of fluids and electrolytes into the surrounding tissues (albumin molecules do not diffuse freely through vascular endothelium so it kind of p...
NUR 219 Exam 1 Study Questions and
Correct Answers
What is hydrostatic pressure? ✅the force exerted by the blood confined within blood
vessels or heart chambers
What is oncotic pressure? ✅regulates the passage of fluids and electrolytes into the
surrounding tissues (albumin molecules do not diffuse freely through vascular
endothelium so it kind of plugs things up... When there is a decreased production of
albumin water flows more freely and decreases oncotic pressure)
How does water move in a hypotonic solution? ✅water moves into the cell (water
dilutes the more concentrated solution)
How does water move in a hypertonic solution? ✅water moves out of the cell (water
dilutes the more concentrated solution)
What are the 2 main isotonic solutions? ✅0.9% normal saline, Lactated Ringer's
Solution, maybe 5% dextrose in water?
What does ADH do? ✅causes the kidneys to release less water, urine is more
concentrated
How does RAA system work? ✅-when blood pressure falls kidneys release renin into
bloodstream
-renin splits angiotensin (protein that circulates in bloodstream) into parts, most
important being angiotensin I
-angiotensin I (inactive) splits into angiotensin II (active), which causes walls of
arterioles to constrict and increase blood pressure... Also triggers release of aldosterone
and ADH
What is active transport? ✅process of moving molecules across a membrane using
energy
What is passive transport? ✅when molecules move down a concentration gradient
(does not require enery)
How does water move in osmosis? ✅from low to high concentration
What is diffusion? ✅movement of PARTICLES from high to low concentration
Are diffusion and osmosis passive processes? ✅yes
, Signs of FVO? ✅-rapid weight gain
-edema
-ascites
-cramping, headache, and stomach bloating
-shortness of breath
-high blood pressure.
-heart problems, including congestive heart failure
What is active immunity? ✅the immunity which results from the production of
antibodies by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen
What is passive immunity? ✅the short-term immunity which results from the
introduction of antibodies from another person or animal (baby gets this through the
placenta from mother)
What are the main parts of the first line of defense? ✅surface defenses, and
nonspecific resistance factors
What are the surface defenses? (5) ✅physical barriers (skin), mechanical removal
(dead skin sloughs off, bacteria in mucus coughed out), normal bacterial flora, chemical
inhibitors (ear wax, sweat), and biologic antimicrobial factors
What are the nonspecific resistance factors? ✅stomach acid, bile salts (inactivate
viruses)
What is the second line of defense? ✅inflammation
What does inflammation do? ✅destroys pathogen, triggers immune response, gets rid
of pathogen, and initiates healing
Is inflammation an immediate reaction? ✅yes
What cells are involved in inflammation? ✅neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and
macrophages (phagocytic cells)
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