What is an objective assessment of GI tract pertaining to the skin? anything shiny or taught Bulges, masses, hernias, enlarged veins, inability to lie flat
What is a subjective assessment of GI tract? dysphagia, past health conditions, psychosocial status, present health status and current conditi...
NSG 219 Exam 2 Questions and Correct
Answers
What is an objective assessment of GI tract pertaining to the skin? ✅anything shiny or
taught
Bulges, masses, hernias, enlarged veins, inability to lie flat
What is a subjective assessment of GI tract? ✅dysphagia, past health conditions,
psychosocial status, present health status and current conditions
What is the most common GI disorder? ✅GERD
What is GERD? ✅Backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus (GER)
GERD is chronic and arises d/t persistent GER
What are the s/sx of GERD? ✅burning, tasting backflow, dyspepsia(heartburn),
regurgitation, gas, **pain occurs after eating and can last 20 mins up to 2 hours(pain
can be relieved by taking antiacid)**, throat irritation
What are the risk factors of GERD? ✅obesity, older age (weakened LES tone), sleep
apnea, smoking tobacco, hiatal hernia, NSAID usage (valium can relax system)
Complications r/t GERD ✅Esophagitis(inflammation of the esophagus) Ulcers on the
esophagus may appear. After a while scar tissue may form and in return cause
dysphagia (trouble swallowing).
Barrett Esophagus-an abnormal change of the cells/ damage to lower portion of
esophagus (d/t repeated exposure to stomach acid / caused from chronic GERD
What sphincter is weakened when PT. Feels "hot mouth or hot throat" ✅Lower
Esophageal Sphincter (LES)
Action and Side effects of PPI's ✅Decrease hcl acid by inhibiting/blocking the proton
pump responsible for the secretion hydrogen. It also decreases the irritation of the
esophageal and gastric mucosa
Side effects include-diarrhea, headache, abdominal pain, nausea
PPI's more effective at healing esophagitis
, Action and Side effects to Histamine Receptor Blockers ✅Decreases conversion of
pepsinogen to pepsin
Blocks the action of histamine on the H2 receptors to decrease hcl acid secretion
Side effects include-diarrhea, headache, abdominal pain, constipation
Can be given orally or through IV , effective for 12 hours
**Helps to relieve the symptoms of over production of stomach acid**
What is a hiatal hernia? ✅-Part of the stomach has "herniated" through the esophagus
in the diaphragm
-Most common abnormality seen on an x-ray
-Seen mostly in older adults and most often in women
- Two types of hiatal hernia's
-- Sliding- slides thru hiatal opening
--Paraoesophageal - beside esophagus, rolling (upper part of stomach) pushes up into
chest through diaphragm
Risk factors r/t hiatal hernia? ✅Obesity, pregnancy, tumors, extensive physical
exertion, heavy lifting, aging / weakens diaphragm muscles for hernia to pop through
Complications r/t hiatal hernia? ✅GERD
Esophagitis
Stenosis- narrowing (of esophagus)
Strangulation of the hernia (medical emergency) losing blood flow
Regurgitation that can cause aspiration of the trachea
Surgical interventions of hiatal hernia ✅Herniotomy-reducing the herniated stomach
into the abdomen Herniorrhaphy-closure of the hiatal defect
Gastropexy-attachment of the stomach below the diaphragm to prevent re-herniation
Common age rage of pts. With esophageal cancer ✅65-75
Most esophageal cancers produce...? ✅mucus/fluds (AKA adenocarcinomas)
What order may be given by the doctor for a pt with Esophageal cancer ? ✅Barium
contrast, "light up" to be seen on EGD
Esophageal cancer pt diet should include? ✅high protein and high calorie (acute pre-
op care)
What should post-op care include in esophageal cancer pt. ✅§ Manage patient tube,
lines, drains
§ Implement interventions to prevent respiratory complication (teach PT. To use
incentive spirometer/ DVT possibility, Can use scds)
§ Implement interventions to circumvent DVT
§ Provide effective pain management
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