~Ans~ passageway that uses peristalsis to move food toward the stomach
stomach
~Ans~ -chemical digestion via acid and pepsin (digest proteins into amino acids)
-mechanical digestion via muscular contractions
-3 layers of smooth muscle
,What role(s) does the liver serve?
~Ans~ estimated to have over 200 functions
-produces bile
-stores vitamins and minerals and converts them to be useable by the body
-metabolizes hormones and drugs
-synthesizes proteins, glucose, and clotting factors
-changes ammonia to urea
-converts fatty acids to ketones
-can store large amounts of glucose as glycogen
-can synthesize glucose from amino acids, glycerol, and lactic acid during times of
fasting or increased demand
-can convert excess carbohydrates to triglycerides for storage in adipose tissue
-is a major site for protein synthesis and degradation.
liver
~Ans~ -bile synthesis
-store and release nutrients (glycogen and lipids)
-maintains concentrations of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids in blood
-cholesterol synthesis
, -inter-conversion of nutrient types when needed
gallbladder
~Ans~ -stores bile
-when a fatty meal is consumed, the gallbladder is signaled via hormones to contract
-when it contracts it empties bile into small intestine to aid in fat digestion
pancreas
~Ans~ exocrine functions:
-produces pancreatic juice with enzymes and alkaline buffer (neutralizes stomach
acid to not harm small intestine) to aid in digestion in small intestine (protease to
break down proteins, lipase for fats, amylase for starch)
endocrine functions:
-secretes hormones (insulin and glucagon) to regulate blood glucose levels
-insulin drops blood glucose
-glucagon raises blood glucose during fasting
small intestine
~Ans~ -chemical digestion into macronutrients
-absorption of nutrients, vitamins, water, ions
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