Exam (elaborations)
SANS SEC 301 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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Exam of 26 pages for the course SANS at SANS (SANS SEC 301)
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SANS SEC 301Everyone can do everything they need to do and nothing more. Bradley Manning -
WikiLeaks Target - HVAC hack - answer Principle of Least Privilege
The cornerstone of all security: Everything done in security addresses one or more of
these three things
Confidentiality, Integrity, availability
Confidentiality - Only those who need to access something can; ties into principle of
least privilege
Integrity - data is edited correctly and by the right people. Failure ex.: Delta $5 tickets
round trip tickets to anywhere Delta flies/attach on pricing database
Availability - If you cannot use it, why do you have it? - answer CIA Triad
Pharmaceuticals and government, research - answer Confidentiality
Financials maintained in part by confidentiality - answer Integrity
eCommerce Ex. Amazon make $133,000/per minute thus denial of service is critical
business impact; power company need to keep lights on = availability issue - answer
Availability
Authentication, Authorization, Accountability – answer AAA
Detailed steps to make policy happen - answer Procedure
Policy, Procedure and Training - answerPPT
Users must know what policies and procedures say to follow them. - answerTraining
Broad general statement of management's intent to protect information - answerPolicy
A security professional needs to be:
1/3 technologist
1/3 manager
1/3 lawyer
-Tkhis is the perfect summation of the career field.
-Technology supports security efforts
-Management decisions (and budgets) drive security
-Legal issues mandate security requirements - answerSecurity by Thirds
Senior Mgmt:
,-Has legal responsibility to protect the assets of the org:
That give him the ultimate responsibility for security
-Authority can be delegated - responsibility cannot be
Data owner - person or office with primary responsibility for data; owners determine
classification, protective measures and more
Data custodian - the person/group that implement the controls; make the decisions of
the owner happens
Users - use data; are also automatically data custodians - answerSecurity Roles and
Responsiblities
safety of people - answerNumber 1 Goal of Security
years ago: teenagers
today: we face organized crime and nation states
-well funded
-highly motivated
disgruntled insider: difficult to counter; tends to be subtle; often damaging or even
devastating
Accidental insider: common; also tend to be subtle; in aggregate - even ore damaging
Outsider threat source - inside threat actor: a growing proble, the current most-common
attack vector
2014 - 47% of U. S. adults had private data compromised in a breach (NBC News)
FBI can prove it was North Korea that attacked Sony - answerNature of the Threat
- answerSecurity Policy
- answerSeparation of Duties
- answerAcceptable Use Policy
verify identity; is Keith really Keith?
(1) Verifying the integrity of a transmitted message. See message integrity, e-mail
authentication and MAC.
(2) Verifying the identity of a user logging into a network. Passwords, digital certificates,
smart cards and biometrics can be used to prove the identity of the client to the network.
Passwords and digital certificates can also be used to identify the network to the client.
The latter is important in wireless networks to ensure that the desired network is being
accessed. See identity management, identity metasystem, OpenID, human
, authentication, challenge/response, two-factor authentication, password, digital
signature, IP spoofing, biometrics and CAPTCHA.
Four Levels of Proof
There are four levels of proof that people are indeed who they say they are. None of
them are entirely foolproof, but in order of least to most secure, they are:
1 - What You Know
Passwords are - answerAuthentication
- answerBiometric
Control what they are allowed to do. Although we know Keith is Keith, what can Keith
do? - answerAuthorization
- answerAccountability
Harden, patch & monitor - answerHPM
Monitor what has been done. Although we know Keith is Keith, what did Keith do? -
answerAccountability
- answerAwareness Training Programs
Prevent /defense as much as you can; detect for everything else; or if the preventive
measures fail, respond to what is detected
-Prevention is ideal
-detection is a must
-detection without response is useless - answerPrevent/Detect/Respond (PRD)
The protection of data, networks and computing power. The protection of data
(information security) is the most important. The protection of networks is important to
prevent loss of server resources as well as to protect the network from being used for
illegal purposes. The protection of computing power is relevant only to expensive
machines such as large supercomputers. - answercomputer security
The protection of data against unauthorized access. Programs and data can be secured
by issuing passwords and digital certificates to authorized users. However, passwords
only validate that a correct number has been entered, not that it is the actual person.
Digital certificates and biometric techniques (fingerprints, eyes, voice, etc.) provide a
more secure method (see authentication). After a user has been authenticated,
sensitive data can be encrypted to prevent eavesdropping (see cryptography).
Authorized Users Can Be the Most Dangerous
Although precautions can be taken to authenticate users, it is much more difficult to
determine if an authorized employee is doing something malicious. Someone may have
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