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PDB CEN Review Questions and Answers
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Cardiac output = Ans- CO + HR x stroke volume (amount of blood ejected per contraction) Primary compensatory mechanism of low Cardiac output in peds? Other signs? Ans- Tachycardia -- Peds are unable to increase stroke volume. Hypotension is a late sign, and bradycardia is an ominous sign in pe...

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  • August 3, 2024
  • 13
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • pdb cen review questions and answers

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  • PDB
  • PDB

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PDB CEN Review
Questions and Answers


Cardiac output =


Ans- CO + HR x stroke volume (amount of blood ejected per contraction)




Primary compensatory mechanism of low Cardiac output in peds? Other signs?


Ans- Tachycardia -- Peds are unable to increase stroke volume. Hypotension is

a late sign, and bradycardia is an ominous sign in peds.




Stroke Volume is influenced by...


Ans- Contractility, preload, and afterload.




Frank-Starling's Law -- Stretch heart with volume to increase contractility

(rubber band snapping shut)

, Preload is evaluated by...


Ans- Central venous pressure (CVP) on the Right (invasive). Jugular vein

distention (non-invasive measure)


Decreased when hypovolemic and from vasodilators, increased by volume and

vasoconstrictors. TX: Increase preload w/ fluids/blood, decrease w/ diuretics.




Afterload...


Ans- Afterload (resistance to ventricular emptying) is evaluated by systemic

vascular resistance.


Decreased in distributive shocks (neurogenic, septic, and anaphylactic), and by

vasodilators. Tx: vasopressors (norepinephrine). Increased n hypertension,

aortic stenosis, and thru other shock compensation. Tx Vasodilators like NTG.




Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stimulation causes...


Ans- causes release of catecholamine, which increase HR in response to shock.

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