HIEU 2041 Midterm Terms #3
Aetolian League - ANS--Rome's Greek ally in the First and Second Macedonian Wars
-angry at Rome after the second war - wanted Macedonia destroyed and more territory
-wanted to be the major Greek power, called in Antiochus the Great to help them; Rome wins
-Rome crippled the Aetolian League, gave more land to allies, and went home
-significant because greater Roman involvement in Greek affairs but still unwillingness to
assume responsibility for governance
B. of Pydna (168 BC) - ANS--decisive Roman victory over Perseus and the Macedonians,
ending the Third Macedonian War
-as a result of the victory, Macedonia is divided into 4 territories but Rome still does not establish
a permanent governing presence in region
-while not the final conflict between two rivals, broke the back of Macedonian power
Battle of Aegates Islands (242 BC) - ANS--the final naval battle between the Romans and
Carthaginians in the First Punic War
-much of the Carthaginian fleet was either damaged or destroyed, the Carthaginians
surrendered to Rome (no more money to build new fleet)
-decisive Roman victory
Battle of Cannae (216 BC) - ANS--major battle of the Second Punic War
-The army of Carthage under Hannibal destroyed numerically superior Rome (up to 70,000
Romans killed)
-after this loss, the Roman alliance system faltered, with several southern Greek cities defecting
to Cannibal
-continued Roman dedication to fighting
Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BC) - ANS--Romans led by General T. Quinctius Flaminius
defeated Philip V of Macedon in this battle; winning the Second Macedonian War
-after this war, Rome declared freedom of Greeks but went home, not assuming responsibility
for governance of area
Battle of Magnesia (190 BC) - ANS--Roman victory against Antiochus the Great
-battle fought near modern day Turkey, after Antiochus was already driven out of Greece
-The resulting decisive Roman victory resulted in Roman domination over the internal affairs of
a large part of the territory once controlled by the Seleucid Empire
Battle of Trasimene (217 BC) - ANS--major battle in the Second Punic War; major ambush;
Hannibal and Carthaginians devastate the Romans
-Romans decide to continue the war despite the defeat, but wage a logistical battle (prevent
Hannibal from getting supplies)
, -Roman determination to continue fighting despite massive losses explains why they won so
many wars
Battle of Zama (202 BC) - ANS--marked the final and decisive end of the Second Punic War
-a Roman army led by Scipio Africanus defeated Hannibal and the Carthaginians in Zama
outside of Carthage
-Carthaginians surrendered to Rome
Corinth - ANS-Destroyed by Lucius Mummius in 146 BC. located on Peloponnesian Peninsula.
part of Acheaen League. significant in Rome's conquer of Greece
First Punic War - ANS--war between the Carthaginians and the Romans; Carthage surrendered
when ran out of money
-featured land and sea battles; Rome built a large fleet to rival Carthage's naval powers
-showed Rome's willingness to continue fighting despite heavy losses, adaptability in warfare,
and the remarkable resiliency of their alliance system
(264-241 BC)
Fourth Macedonian War (149-148 BC) - ANS--final war between Rome and Macedonia;
Andriscus unites all parts of Macedonian kingdom but is defeated
-after this war, Macedonia becomes a Roman province and Rome decides to officially establish
a governing presence in the region, with a permanent army and governors
Hamilcar Barca - ANS--Carthaginian general during the First Punic War (from 247-241 BC)
-led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily; major reason why the land battles
of the First Punic War were undecisive
-father of Hannibal
Hannibal (Barca) - ANS--Carthaginian commander during the Second Punic War (218-202 BC),
considered one of the greatest military commanders of all time
-massive victories against the Romans in Italy; eventually forced to leave Italy to defend
Carthage; decisively defeated by Scipio Africanus at the Battle of Zama in 202 BC
-despite massive losses he inflicted on Romans, they demonstrated their dedication to winning
(no surrender)
Isthmian Proclamation (196 BC) - ANS--after the Roman victory in the Second Macedonian War,
General Quinctius Flaminius proclaimed the autonomy / freedom of the Greeks; then the
Romans went home
-Greeks interpreted this freedom as independence, while the Romans interpreted this statement
as an affirmation of the patron-client relationship --> which would lead to confusions about their
relationship in the upcoming years; reluctance of Romans to assume responsibility for
governance of this area far away from Rome
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