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Techniques of Counselling
The three major techniques used in counselling process in schools. The techniques are:
(1) Directive Counselling, (2) Non-Directive Counselling, and (3) Eclectic Counselling.
1. Directive Counselling:
In this counselling the counsellor plays an active role as it is regarded as a means of helping
people how to learn to solve their own problems. This type of counselling is otherwise known
as counsellor-centred counselling. Because in this counselling the counsellor does everything
himself i.e. analysis, synthesis, diagnosis, prognosis, prescription and follow-up.
Features of Directive Counselling:
It has the following features:
During the interview attention is focused upon a particular problem and possibilities for its
solution.
2. During the interview the counsellor plays a more active role than the client or pupil.
3. The pupil or client makes the decision, but the counsellor does all that he can to get the
counselee or client makes a decision in keeping with his diagnosis.
4. The counsellor tries to direct the thinking of the counsellee or client by informing,
explaining, interpreting and advising him.
Steps in Directive Counselling:
The following steps are followed in this type of counselling:
(i) Analysis:
In this step data is collected from a variety of sources for an adequate understanding of the
pupil.
(ii) Synthesis:
This step implies organizing and summarising the data to find out the assets, liabilities,
adjustments and mal-adjustments of the pupil.
(iii) Diagnosis:
Formulating conclusions regarding the nature and causes of the problems expressed by the
pupils is the major concern of this step.
(iv) Prognosis: This step implies predicting the future development of the problem of client
or pupil.
(v) Counselling:
This step indicates taking steps by the counsellor with the pupil to bring about adjustment in
life.
(vi)Follow-up: This step implies helping and determining the effectiveness of the counselling
provided to the pupil or client.
Role of the counsellor in Directive Counseling:
The counsellor plays the vital role in this counselling process. He is the pivot of the process
and the leader of the situation. The counsellor does most of the talking problems and
individual is not the focus. The counselee in fact, works under the counsellor and not with
him. The counsellor tries to direct the thinking of the counselee or client by informing,
explaining, interpreting and sometimes advising also.
The counsellor collects all possible information about the pupils or counselees and analyses
them for an adequate understanding. He summarizes and organises the data so as to
understand the abilities and limitations, adjustment and mal-adjustment of the pupils. He
formulates conclusions about the nature and causes of his problems. He predicts the future
development of his problems.
He prescribes what the pupil should do to solve his problems and follows the consequences
or effects of his prescription. Directive counselling is also called the prescriptive counselling
because the counsellor prescribes the solutions or the course of action for the pupils.
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