__________ reactions capture energy from the organisms' energy source. - ✔️✔️Catabolic
_________ is the total of all chemical reactions occurring in the cell. - ✔️✔️Metabolism
________ reactions build new organic molecules from smaller inorganic and organic compounds. -
✔️✔️Anabolic
In thermodynamic studies, energy changes are analyzed in a collection of matter called a __________.
All other matter in the universe is called the __________ - ✔️✔️system; surroundings
__________ is the science that analyzes energy changes in a collection of matter. - ✔️✔️Thermodynamics
A reaction in which the forward rate is equal to the reverse rate is said to be at __________. -
✔️✔️equilibrium
Cells must efficiently transfer energy from their energy-trapping systems to the systems actually carrying
out work and also use various metabolic processes to replace the energy used in doing work. This is
called the __________. - ✔️✔️energy cycle
In order for the cell to be able to input energy into necessary endergonic reactions, energy-generating
processes such as photosynthesis, fermentation, and respiration are used to produce __________. -
✔️✔️ATP
Disruption of an enzyme's structure with loss of activity caused by extremes of pH, temperature, or
other factors is called _________. - ✔️✔️denaturation
A molecule that binds to an enzyme at a location other than the active site and thereby alters the
enzyme's shape, making it inactive or less active is a(n) __________ inhibitor. - ✔️✔️noncompetitive
,A molecule that binds noncovalently to an enzyme at the active site and thereby prevents a substrate
from binding and reacting is a(n) __________ inhibitor. - ✔️✔️competitive
The molecules formed by an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are called __________. - ✔️✔️products
The reacting molecules in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction are called __________. - ✔️✔️substrates
The __________ __________ is the substrate concentration needed for an enzyme to achieve half
maximal velocity. - ✔️✔️Michaelis constant (Km)
A complex formed during a reaction that resembles both the substrates and the products is called the
__________ state complex - ✔️✔️transition
RNA molecules that have catalytic activity are known as ____________. - ✔️✔️ribozymes
Cells carry out three major types of work; which of the following involves the synthesis of
macromolecules as well as the breakdown of substances for their energy? - ✔️✔️Chemical work.
Cells carry out three major types of work; which of the following involves nutrient uptake and waste
elimination? - ✔️✔️Transport work
Cells carry out three major types of work; which of the following involves energy for cell motility and the
movement of structures within cells? - ✔️✔️Mechanical work.
(T/F) Energy can be redistributed within a collection of matter (called a system) or can be redistributed
between the system and its surroundings. - ✔️✔️TRUE
__________ is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system. - ✔️✔️Entropy
The __________ law of thermodynamics states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. -
✔️✔️first
, The __________ law of thermodynamics states that physical and chemical processes occur in such a way
that randomness (disorder) increases to a maximum. - ✔️✔️second
The amount of heat energy needed to raise 1 gram of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C is called a(n) -
✔️✔️calorie
(T/F)- The numerical value of the free energy change indicates how fast a reaction will reach equilibrium.
- ✔️✔️FALSE
__________ is the total energy change that accompanies a chemical reaction. - ✔️✔️Enthalpy
For the reaction A + B →C + D, the equilibrium constant (Keq) is defined as - ✔️✔️[C][D]/[A][B]
The change in __________ is the amount of energy in a system that is available to do work. - ✔️✔️free
energy
(T/F) The most commonly used practical form of energy used in cells is adenosine diphosphate -
✔️✔️FALSE
A reaction that releases energy is __________. - ✔️✔️exergonic
(T/F) Some endergonic reactions can be made to proceed forward if they are coupled to hydrolysis of
one or more of the phosphates of ATP. - ✔️✔️TRUE
An chemical reaction that requires an input of energy in order to proceed is _________ - ✔️✔️endergonic
The __________ is the electron acceptor in a redox reaction. - ✔️✔️oxidant
The __________ is the electron donor in a redox reaction. - ✔️✔️reductant
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