Genes that encode proteins that function throughout most of the life cycle of an organism (e.g.,
enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway) - ✔️✔️housekeeping genes
A gene that is expressed at nearly the same level at all times - ✔️✔️constitutive gene
A small molecule that stimulates the synthesis of an inducible enzyme - ✔️✔️inducer
A gene whose expression level can be increased by a regulatory molecule - ✔️✔️inducible gene
A gene that encodes a protein whose level drops in the presence of a small molecule. If the gene
product is a biosynthetic enzyme, the small molecule is often an end product of the metabolic pathway
in which it functions - ✔️✔️repressible gene
DNA binding proteins that inhibit or promote transcription. Their activity is modulated by inducers,
corepressors, and inhibitors - ✔️✔️transcriptional regulatory protein
Regulation of transcription by a repressor protein. When bound to the repressor-binding site,
transcription is inhibited - ✔️✔️negative transcriptional control
A protein that can bind to a repressor-binding site and inhibit transcription - ✔️✔️repressor protein
Control of transcription by an activator protein. When the activator is bound to the activator-binding
site, the level of transcription increases - ✔️✔️positive transcriptional control
A transcriptional regulatory protein that binds to a specific site on DNA (activator-binding site) and
enhances transcription initiation - ✔️✔️activator protein/ activator-binding site
, The segment of DNA in an operon to which the repressor protein binds; it controls the expression of the
genes adjacent to it - ✔️✔️operator
The inactive form of a repressor protein; the repressor becomes active when the corepressor binds to it
- ✔️✔️aporepressor
A small molecule that binds a transcription repressor protein, thereby activating the repressor and
inhibiting the synthesis of a repressible enzyme - ✔️✔️corepressor
In bacteria, the sequence of bases in DNA that contains a promoter and one or more structural genes
and often an operator or activator-binding site that controls their expression - ✔️✔️operon
1. A mechanism for the regulation of transcription termination of some bacterial operons by aminoacyl-
tRNAs. 2. A procedure that reduces or abolishes the virulence of a pathogen without altering its
immunogenicity - ✔️✔️attenuation
A factor-independent transcription termination site in the leader sequence that is involved in
attenuation - ✔️✔️attenuator
A site in the leader of an mRNA molecule that interacts with a metabolite or other small molecule,
causing the leader to change its folding pattern. In some riboswitches, this change can alter
transcription; in others, it affects translation - ✔️✔️riboswitch
Small regulatory RNA molecules that do not function as messenger, ribosomal, or transfer RNAs -
✔️✔️small RNAs (sRNAs)
A single-stranded RNA with a base sequence complementary to a segment of a target RNA molecule;
when bound to the target RNA, the target's activity is altered - ✔️✔️antisense RNA
Regulatory systems that simultaneously affect many genes - ✔️✔️global regulatory systems
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