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RADIOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH ALL QUESTIONS PERFECTLY ANSWERED!!
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RADIOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH ALL QUESTIONS PERFECTLY ANSWERED!!
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RADIOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH ALL QUESTIONSPERFECTLY ANSWERED!!
Energy
Answers :what occurs when matter is altered
wavelength
Answers :the distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next
frequency
Answers :number of wavelengths that pass a given point
radiation components
Answers :the dental x ray machine consists of 3 visible components:
- control panel
- extension arm
- tubehead
Tubehead: metal housing
Answers :the metal body of the tubehead that surrounds the x ray tube and
transformers and is filled with oil. It protects the x ray tube and grounds the high
voltage components.
Tubehead: Insulating oil
Answers :oil that surrounds the x ray tube and transformers inside the tube head
- prevents overheating by absorbing the heat created by the production of x rays
Tubehead seal
, Answers :leaded glass covering of the tubehead that permits the exit of x rays from
the tubehead
xray tube
Answers :the heart of the x ray generating system
tubehead: transformer
Answers :device that alters voltage of incoming electricity
Tubehead: aluminum disks
Answers :- 0.5 mm thick of aluminum placed in the path of the x ray beam
- filter out the non penetrating, longer wavelengths (long and lazy)
tubehead: lead collimator
Answers :- a lead plate with a central hole that fits directly over the opening of the
metal housing where the x ray exits
- Restricts size of x-ray beam
Tubehead: Position-indicating device (PID)
Answers :- open-ended, lead lined cylinder that extends from the opening of the
metal housing of the tubehead
- aims and shapes the x ray beam
Cathode
Answers :- negative electrode
,- consists of a tungsten wire filament in a cup shaped holder made of molybdenum
- supply the electrons necessary to generate x rays
- electrons produced here are accelerated toward the positive anode
The cathode includes the:
Answers :tungsten filament- coiled wire made of tungsten, produces electrons
when heated
molybdenum cup- focuses the electrons into a narrow beam and directs the beam
across the tube toward the tungsten target of the anode
anode
Answers :- positive electrode, consists of a wafer-thin tungsten plate embedded in
a solid copper rod
- converts electrons into x-ray photons
The anodes include:
Answers :tungsten target- plate of tungsten, which serves as a focal spot and
converts bombarding electrons into x-ray photon
copper stem- functions to dissipate the heat away from the tungsten target
Production of Dental X-rays
Answers :- the electrons stay in an electron cloud until the high-voltage circuit is
activated
- when the exposure button is pushed, the high-voltage circuit is activated
, - the molybdenum cup in the cathode directs electrons to the tungsten target into
anode
- when electrons strike the tungsten target, less than 1% of the energy is converted
to x-rays and the remaining 99% is lost as heat
general radiation- braking radiation (bremsstrahlung)
Answers :- the term braking refers to the sudden stopping of high-speed electrons
when the hit the tungsten target in the anode
- produces 70% of the x rays (electrons that hit or pass closely to anode are
converted into x ray photons)
Characteristic radiation
Answers :x-ray photons are produced when electrons replace other electrons in the
inner shell (very few x-rays are produced in this manner)
radiation quality
Answers :- energy or penetrating ability of the x-ray beam
- controlled by the kilovoltage
- x-rays with shorter wavelength have more penetrating power (more energy!)
radiation quantity
Answers :- the number of x-rays produced
- controlled by milliamperage
radiation intensity
Answers :- total energy contained in the x-ray beam in a specific area at a given
time
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