Human Learning Principles 2 Questions and Answers graded A+
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Course
Bcia
Institution
Bcia
Human Learning Principles 2 Questions and Answers graded A+
Classical conditioning applies primarily to ____ responses; operant conditioning applies primarily to ____ responses.
visceral; reflexive
skeletal; reflexive
visceral; skeletal
skeletal; visceral
The traditional view before Miller ...
Human Learning Principles 2 Questions and
Answers graded A+
Classical conditioning applies primarily to ____ responses; operant conditioning applies
primarily to ____ responses.
visceral; reflexive
skeletal; reflexive
visceral; skeletal
skeletal; visceral - answer The traditional view before Miller and DiCara's landmark
operant conditioning studies was that classical conditioning applies primarily to visceral
responses; operant conditioning applies primarily to skeletal responses.
In operant conditioning, UNLIKE classical conditioning,
every response leads to a combination of both reinforcement and punishment.
the stimuli will be presented at certain times regardless of the individual's actions.
individuals learn without actually doing anything.
the individual's response controls the outcome (reinforcement or punishment). - answer
In operant conditioning, UNLIKE classical conditioning, the individual's response
controls the outcome (reinforcement or punishment). In contrast, in classical
conditioning, the individual reflexively responds to a stimulus.
You were once stung by a bee and now you are somewhat frightened by all insects.
You are displaying
spontaneous recovery.
successive approximation.
stimulus generalization.
discrimination. - answer In this example, a conditioned fear response has
generalized from the initial stimulus (bee) to new stimuli (other insects). This process is
called stimulus generalization and it allows us to expand our repertoire to deal with
situations we have not previously encountered. After receiving a bee sting, we don't
have to receive a wasp sting to learn to avoid them.
If you give a dog some food every time you sound one tone but fail to present food after
a second tone, you are likely to produce
stimulus generalization.
spontaneous recovery.
discrimination.
backward conditioning. - answer You can teach discrimination by delivering
reinforcement after one stimulus (tone), but not after another
, In one experiment, the conditioned stimulus was always followed immediately by the
unconditioned stimulus. However, the unconditioned stimulus was frequently presented
at other times as well. The fact that animals displayed little or no response to the
conditioned stimulus indicates that classical conditioning depends on
positive reinforcement.
chaining.
the degree to which the CS predicts the US.
temporal contiguity. - answer Classical conditioning depends on the ability of the
conditioned stimulus to predict the occurrence of the unconditioned stimulus. When the
conditioned stimulus is not followed by the unconditioned stimulus, this weakens the
predictive relationship and undermines classical conditioning.
Pavlov believed that presenting the CS at nearly the same time as the UCS caused a
connection in the brain to form so that the animal treated the CS as if it were the UCS.
Psychologists today believe that the animal
treats the CS as if it were the UCR.
treats the CS as the UCS, but the brain is not involved.
uses the CS as a positive reinforcer.
uses the CS as a predictor that the UCS is coming. - answer Learning theorists
believe that animals use the CS to predict that the UCS is coming.
As a rule, behaviorists assume that
the primary motivation of people is the striving for self-actualization.
people understand the reasons behind their own behaviors and can describe them
accurately.
unconscious thought processes govern different behaviors from the ones that conscious
thought processes influence.
every behavior is caused or determined through processes that can be scientifically
studied. - answer Behaviorists believe that every behavior is caused or determined
through processes that can be scientifically studied.
A conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented and always followed by an
unconditioned stimulus. Will the animal necessarily develop a conditioned response?
Why or why not?
Yes, the animal must develop a conditioned response because of the principle of
temporal contiguity.
It depends. The animal may or may not develop a conditioned response, depending on
whether or not the CS is similar to the UCS.
Yes, the animal must develop a conditioned response because of the principle of
spontaneous recovery.
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