behavior - ANSanything a person does that can be observed and measured
instructional control - ANSthe likelihood your instructions elicit a correct response from your
client. you are building a history of reinforcing compliance
positive reinforcement - ANSthe contingent presentation of a stimulus immediately following a
response that increases the likelihood of the response in the future
negative reinforcement - ANSthe removal, termination, or postponement of a stimulus, which
increases the likelihood of the response in the future
primary/unconditioned reinforcers - ANSitems or activities that are naturally reinforcing. no
learning takes place for these to be reinforcing
secondary/conditioned reinforcers - ANSitems or activities that acquire reinforcing properties
when paired with primary reinforcers. learning takes place to make these reinforcing.
positive punishment - ANSa consequence that follows a behavior and decreases the rate of that
behavior
negative punishment - ANSthe act of withdrawing an event contingent on a behavior that
decreases the rate of that behavior
principles of reinforcement - ANSdeprivation/satiation, immediacy, size, contingency
deprivation - ANSthe reinforcer will be more effective because the client has been deprived of it.
establishing operations
immediacy - ANSa reinforcer must be delivered immediately following a behavior to make sure
you are actually reinforcing that behavior.
size - ANSthe amount of reinforcement given must be worthwhile, or appropriate for the activity
contingency - ANSthe reinforcer should only be delivered when a desired behavior occurs
continuous reinforcement - ANSthe target behavior occurs and is reinforced after every
occurrence
intermittent reinforcement - ANSthe target behavior occurs, and reinforcers follow some of the
occurrences
, ratio - ANSthe rate of responding/amount of responses
interval - ANSa set length of time
variable - ANSaverage
fixed - ANSset amount
token economy - ANSa system whereby participants earn generalized conditioned reinforcers
as a consequence for specific behaviors
extinction - ANShappens when the reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior is
withheld, terminated, or removed
extinction burst - ANSa temporary increase in the rate of a behavior following implementation of
am extinction behavior
spontaneous recovery - ANSthe reappearance of the "extinguished" behavior after a period in
which the behavior has not been reinforced
DRI: differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior - ANSreinforce behavior incompatible
with an undesirable behavior
DRA: differential reinforcement of alternative behavior - ANSreinforce a behavior that is an
appropriate alternative to an undesirable behavior
DRO: differential reinforcement of other behaviors - ANSdifferential reinforcement of any
behavior other than the desirable behavior
DRH: differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior - ANSdifferential reinforcement of high
rates of behavior while extinguishing low rates of behavior
DRL: differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior - ANSdifferential reinforcement of low
rates of behavior while extinguishing high rates of behavior
shaping - ANSthe process of reinforcing gradual changes in behavior so that the behavior
begins to look like the target (desired) behavior
discrete trial - ANSa learning opportunity initiated and controlled by the teacher in which the
correct response will be reinforced
discriminative stimulus - ANSa cue that signals reinforcement is available if the subject makes a
particular response
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