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Exam (elaborations)

CEN Exam Review Questions and Answers

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What is a pericardial friction rub? Ans- often heard over the sternal border. The inflammation causes a grating, scraping or leather-rubbing sound Is pericarditis more common in adults or children? Ans- Adults What positions aggravate pericarditis? Ans- lying flat on the left side, coughing ...

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  • August 2, 2024
  • 115
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • CEN
  • CEN
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CEN Exam Review
Questions and Answers


What is a pericardial friction rub?


Ans- often heard over the sternal border. The inflammation causes a grating,

scraping or leather-rubbing sound




Is pericarditis more common in adults or children?


Ans- Adults




What positions aggravate pericarditis?


Ans- lying flat on the left side, coughing and deep inspiration




How is pericardial pain relieved?


Ans- NSAIDs because this type of pain is not related to ischemia

,How to characterize a HTN crisis?


Ans- An uncontrolled rise in BP with end organ damage. Diastolic normally >130.

Neuro sx are common as well as papilledema. This condition requires rapid

management




What can cause a HTN crisis?


Ans- Malignant HTN defined as a BP > 180/120




How is malignant HTN different from HTN emergency?


Ans- Malignant HTN will have papilloedema




How to calculate MAP?


Ans- [(2 x DBP) + SBP] divided by 3




How fast do you tx an HTN ER?


Ans- decrease between 20-30% over 2-3 hours

,How fast do you tx an HTN urgency?


Ans- reduce BP gradually over 24-48 hours




What can dig toxicity manifest as?


Ans- acute onset = hyperkalemia


chronic = hypokalemia, hypomag and bradycardia r/t hypokalemia




Who is more likely to have an aortic dissection?


Ans- Males, HTN pts, and those with Marfans (which is connective tissue

weakness)




What drug is recommended for wide complex tachycardia in a stable pt?


Ans- Amidodarone




What joule setting is recommended for emergent cardioversion?


Ans- starting at 50-75 in biphasic and 100 in monophasic

, What drug is rec for SVT?


Ans- Adenosine




How does hyperkalemia manifest on an EKG?


Ans- peaked T-waves in V1-V5, widened QRS that can turn into sin wave -->

asytole




How does hypokalemia manifest on an EKG?


Ans- flat T-waves in V1-V5




Define US Angina


Ans- CP that occurs with activity and become worse with each episode. 1/2 pts

with UA have total or near total occlusion of a coronary artery




Define Ludwigs angina


Ans- an expansion of an existing untx dental infection/cellulitis to the

submandibular/lingual/mental mandibular spaces

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