EXAM 3: ADV ANCED CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT & TARGET TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT -DR. POSEY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WIT H SOLUTIONS 2024 What is a sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)? - ANSWER abrupt cessation of mechanical function of the heart (loss of pulse) and cessation of O2 delivery to vital organs SCA may appear on a monitor as: - ANSWER tachyarrhythmia bradyarrhythmia asystole (flat line) ventricular fibrillation (type of tachycardia) pulseless electrical activity (heart rhythm with no pulse) Causes of ventricular fibrillation may include: - ANSWER -coronary artery disease (acute MI, transient ischemia, healed MI) -structural heart disease -drug toxicity -electrolyte disturbance -prolonged hypoxia (pulmonary embolisms, acute respiratory distress syndrome) What is pulseless electrical activity (PEA)? - ANSWER myocardium unable to respond to intrinsically generated electrical impulses OR does not contract well enough to produce BP --appears as a normal sinus rhythm without pulse PEA may be cause by: - ANSWER 5 Hs: -hypoxia -hydrogen ion acidosis -hyper/hypokalemia -hypothermia -hypoglycemia 5 Ts: -toxins -tamponade -tension pneumothorax -thrombosis -trauma ***all are reversible causes What is the most common cause of PEA? - ANSWER hypoxia What is the main therapeutic goal of ACLS? - ANSWER long -term survival of neurologically intact patient --early CPR and defibrillation --increased coronary perfusion pressure and cerebral blood flow --return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) --survival to hospital admission --prevention of future SCA episodes What is "high quality" CPR? - ANSWER 100 to 120 compressions per minute at a depth of 2 -2.4 inches --allow full chest recoil between compressions --minimize interruptions in chest compressions --avoid excessive ventilation T/F: ALL pharmacotherapeutic interventions in ACLS are secondary to implementation of high quality CPR. - ANSWER TRUE What is the first step in the SCA treatment algorithm? - ANSWER start high quality CPR + give O2 + attach monitor/defibrillator
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