BIO-322 Applied Pathophysiology-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ Latest Update
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Course
Bio 322
Institution
Bio 322
acid - a substance that dissociates into H+ and a conjugate base, Bvolatile acid - an acid that dissociates into a gas that is eliminated by the lungs
carbonic acid (H2CO3) - the volatile acid produced in the body released through the
lungs as CO2
nonvolatile acids - metabolic acids eliminated b...
BIO-322 Applied Pathop hysiology -Questions with Cor rect Answers/ Verified/ Latest Update acid - ✔✔a substance that dissociates into H+ and a conjugate base, B - volatile acid - ✔✔an acid that dissociates into a gas that is eliminated by the lungs carbonic acid (H2CO3) - ✔✔the volatile acid produced in the body released through the lungs as CO2 nonvolatile acids - ✔✔metabolic acids eliminated by kidney or metabolized by liver base - ✔✔H+ acceptor bicarbonate (HCO3 -) - ✔✔weak base alkalosis - ✔✔pH > 7.45 three ways the body regulates pH - ✔✔-intracellular and extracellular chemical buffers that neutralize excess acids and bases -respiratory elimination of carbonic acid -renal excretion of bicarbonate and H+ from nonvolatile acids pH of urine - ✔✔average: 6 can range 4 -8 the three ways the kidneys contribute to acid -base balance - ✔✔-conservation of HCO3 - by the resorption of bicarbonate from the renal tubule lumen back into the blood -secretion of H+ into the urine and synthesis of new bicarbonate -excretion of H+ buffered by ammonia acid-base imbalance compensation - ✔✔various chemical buffers and renal/respiratory system function restoring pH to near normal values acid-base imbalance correction - ✔✔elimination of the condition responsible for the imbalance effects of acidosis - ✔✔-increased amount of free ionized calcium -decreased neuromuscular excitability -impaired glycolysis resulting in decreased ATP production -decreased affinity between hemoglobin and oxygen resulting in increased unloading of oxygen to cells -decreased cardi ac contractility -vasodilation and hypotension -increased intracranial pressure due to vasodilation and increased cerebral blood volume effects of alkalosis - ✔✔-decreased amount of free, ionized calcium -hypokalemia due to movement of potassium into cell s in exchange for H+ movement out of cells -increased neuromuscular excitability increased glycolysis and phosphate utilization -increased affinity between hemoglobin and oxygen resulting in decreased unloading of oxygen to cells -increased cardiac contrac tility up to pH of 7.70, decreased 7.70 and above -vasoconstriction with pH above 7.65 -impaired cerebral oxygenation due to decreased cerebral blood flow and oxygen unloading respiratory acidosis - ✔✔-a state of elevated CO2, H2CO3, and decreased blood p H -caused by conditions that impair alveolar ventilation or diffusion of carbon dioxide from blood into alveoli (asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia) -hypoventilation, hypercapnia -compensated respiratory acidosis sx: increased acidity of urin e
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