Page 1 of 43 Success! 1 MHA 707 EXAM A ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS LATEST 2024 -2025 UPDATE Health Care Systems •All persons, institutions, and processes supporting diagnosis, treatment or mitigation of health problems •For legitimized patients by appropriate provi ders •Definitions of health problems (e.g., obesity) •Diagnosis & treatment models •Social position, training, and authority of healers What are the different variations of healthcare systems among nations? Health Other Definitions of health: "the ability to conduct a life that is as socially and economically rewarding as available physical and financial resources will allow” ([ABIM] Conference, 1981) "the condition of being sound in body, mind, and spirit, especially free of disease or infirmity." (Webster ’s, 2019) Page 2 of 43 Success! 2 "Complete physical, mental, and social well -being not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (WHO, 1948) This is the definition of... •Genetic inheritance – also epigenetics (gene -environmental interactions) •Physical environment – ex: exposures, housing, availability of healthy foods •Social & economic environment – ex: education, income, employment, community, social support and culture •Health behavior – ex: exercise, smoking, diet (often shaped by the prece ding) •Health care – accessible, affordable, quality and adequate intensity What are the determinants of health? Health Behavior •Behavior that affects health, usually negatively •Implicated in most “leading causes of death” in the United States •Heart dis ease, cancer, stroke, respiratory diseases, etc. •Common target for health improvement efforts •Healthy People 2020 •Smoking, alcohol/drug abuse, diet, lack of exercise What are some examples of health behavior? allopathic medicine Page 3 of 43 Success! 3 Western medicine is also called ________________ after the medical faction (allopath) that gained dominance in the 19th century over groups of healers, including homeopaths, chiropractors, and osteopaths (Starr, 1982) •Restore health •Prevent worsening of problems What are the ma in goals of healthcare as a determinant of health? healthcare Failure to address the determinants of health results in increased need for what? Primary, secondary, and tertiary What are the three levels of prevention? Primary prevention ___________is conce rned with eliminating risk factors/development for a disease or injury before it occurs tertiary prevention ____________ attempts to eliminate or moderate disability associated with advanced disease secondary prevention ___________ focuses on early detection and treatment of disease (subclinical and clinical) secondary and tertiary prevention Healthcare is primarily focused on __________ primary care Page 4 of 43 Success! 4 Less than 10% of healthcare money is spent on ___________ primary preven tion Ex of _____________ includes exercise, vaccination, weight loss, seatbelt use, tobacco cessation programs etc. secondary prevention Ex of ____________ include screening, pap smears, mammograms, and routine lab screening complex and unique The US healt hcare system is _______ & ______ among other nations decentralized The US healthcare system is __________, and therefore, fragmented private and public The US healthcare system mixes ________& _________ financing US Almost all innovation in healthcare was developed in the________ bc of the bigger profit motive 12.7 million people or 11% The workforce of the US healthcare system makes up about ___________ $3.49 trillion (17.9% GDP) this includes elective care