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EAS 212 - The Oceans Midterm 2 Questions with Correct Answers
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EAS 212 - The Oceans Midterm 2 Questions with Correct Answers
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EAS 212 - The Oceans Midterm 2 Questions with Correct AnswersWind-Driven Currents Correct Answer-Surface Winds w/ Friction Energy
~1-3% wind energy converted to ocean kinetic energy
~Surface flow transfers energy down (Speed dec. w/ depth, 100-200m)
~Sloped sea surface (few cm)
~Once in motion, affected by Coriolis & coasts
Ekman Spiral Correct Answer-~Wind energy thru layers ~Each layer affected by Coriolis ~Deflection to the right of one above it (Ideally <45* Right)
~Depth of Frictional Influence: Current is opposite to wind (4% speed)
~Ekman Transport: Total transport of water is 90* to the right of the wind
Conditions for Ekman Motion Correct Answer-~Water column uniform in density ~Constant speed winds for at least 1-2 days
~Shallow water bottom friction stops spiral.
Surface Winds Link to Winds above Boundary Layer Correct Answer-
~Surface winds are 45* to left of those above
~Surface currents are 45* to the right of surface winds ~Surface currents = Direction of winds above planetary boundary = atmospheric pressure gradient
Ekman Transport Divergence/Convergence Correct Answer-~Pileup/removal of surface water from an area
~Not continuous
~Horizontal Pressure Gradient motions try to restore to 'flat' state
Geostrophic Currents (Read More) Correct Answer-~Produced by balance b/w pressure gradient force and Coriolis force
~Flow 90* to the right of the pressure gradient in N. Hemi
~Flow 90* to the left of pg in S. Hemi
Open Ocean Surface Currents Correct Answer-~Initiated by Ekman Transport
~Maintained by Geostrophic currents
~Few hundred to 2000m deep
~Sverdrup (1 Sv = 10^6 m3 s-1)
Gyres Correct Answer-~Modified by presence of land
~Antarctic Circumpolar Current: Only south flow all around world
~Zonal Current: Deflected North and South by land to form W & E boundary currents
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