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NUR 195 Exam 2 (Cardiac): Questions & Solutions
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NUR 195 Exam 2 (Cardiac): Questions & Solutions
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NUR 195 Exam 2 (Cardiac): Questions & Solutions The cardiac cycle consists of? Right Ans - the systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) of both atria, rapidly followed by the systole and diastole of both ventriclesBlood pressure Right Ans - the force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries
Cardiac Output Right Ans - heart rate x stroke volume
Heart rate Right Ans - Number of contractions per minute
Stroke volume Right Ans - The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
Pre-load Right Ans - Amount of blood in ventricle after diastole (amount of stretch after filling)
After-load Right Ans - the resistance to flow the ventricle must overcome (how big in diameter)
Contractility Right Ans - Force
Contractility is __________________ w/ hypoxia or acidosis Right Ans - decreased
Contractility is ____________________ w/ sympathetic stimulation or calcium release Right Ans - increased
Risks for CVD Right Ans - 1. Family HX 2. Diabetes
3. Chronic Renal Disease
4. HTN
5. Dyslipidemia (abnormal amounts of fat)
S/S of CVD Right Ans - 1. Chest pain 2. Fatigue
3. SOB (dyspnea)
4. Cough
5. Edema
6. Syncope 7. Palpations
Chest pain evaluation Right Ans - PQRST
1. 2. Intensity
3. Radiation
4. Duration
5. Quality
**Ask what relieves pain**
**Ask dyspnea on exertion or at rest**
Palpatations Right Ans - Could indicate abnormal heart rhythm
Syncope Right Ans - Could indicate CO issue (mechanical or electrical)
Weight gain Right Ans - Could indicate weakening heart
Physical Assessment of CVD Right Ans - 1. Color
2. Cap refill
3. JVD
4. Clubbing nails
5. Edema
Late stage CVD physical assessment Right Ans - 1. Fatigue
2. Frail
3. Edema
We need to evaluate HR & BP for Right Ans - Irregularity and extra sounds
Central cyanosis Right Ans - Indicates impaired cardiac/lung function
Peripheral cyanosis Right Ans - Indicated impaired circulation in the extremities - blood is shunted to the center "more important" organs
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