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HIEU 322_ Roman Civ (1).
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HIEU 322_ Roman Civ (1).
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HIEU322:
Roman
Civ
Origins
of
the
Second
Punic
War
-
ANS-1.
Barcid
bitterness
at
the
end
of
the
First
Punic
War,
and
the
desire
for
revenge.
2.
The
baseless
Roman
seizure
of
Sardinia
in
238
B.C.
and
following
indemnities.
3.
The
growth
of
Carthaginian
success
in
Spain
by
Hamilcar
Barca.
Followed
by
Hasdrubal
and
Hannibal.
4.
Massilia
Trade
Rivalry.
Located
on
the
coast
of
Gaul
between
northern
Italy
and
northern
Spain.
5.
The
Ebro
Treaty
6.
Hannibal
and
the
Siege
of
Saguntum
7.
The
rise
of
an
influential
merchant
class
in
Rome
that
was
engaged
in
overseas
trade.
8.
Ambitious
aristocrats
who
sought
to
increase
their
prestige
and
power
through
successful
military
commands.
9.
Roman
condemnation
of
the
siege
(and
ultimate
fall)
of
Saguntum
Carthaginian
Threats
to
Massilia
-
ANS-1.
The
growing
power
of
Carthage
in
Spain
threatened
Massilia's
trade,
which
had
expanded
at
Carthage's
expense
during
the
First
Punic
War.
2.
Massilia
was
also
afraid
that
Carthage
might
ally
with
tribes
in
neighboring
Gaul
to
eliminate
Massilia
as
a
rival
altogether.
The
Ebro
Treaty
-
ANS-•226
B.C.
agreement
between
Rome
and
Carthage
•Negotiated
to
satisfy
Massilia
•Prohibited
the
Carthaginians
from
crossing
the
Ebro
River
with
warlike
intent
but
allowed
them
a
free
hand
south
of
the
river-
except
for
the
city
of
Saguntum
Hannibal
-
ANS-•Son
of
Hamilcar
Barca
•In
his
late
20s
when
he
succeeded
Hasdrubal
in
221
B.C.
•Moved
against
Saguntum
(south
of
the
Ebro)
in
219
B.C.
•Insisted
the
city
was
sponsoring
unprovoked
attacks
on
neighboring
subject
tribes
to
Carthage.
•Became
chief
magistrate
in
Carthage
after
the
war
•Went
into
exile
in
195
B.C
.•Died
in
the
late
180s
B.C.
The
Second
Punic
War,
218-202
B.C.
-
ANS-•Roman
population
in
the
3rd
century
B.C.:
3.5
million,
Number
of
troops
raised
by
the
Romans:
nearly
800,000.
•Population
of
Carthage:
½
million,
Troops
raised
by
Carthage:
over
700,000
Hannibal's
Strategic
concerns
of
the
2nd
Punic
War
-
ANS-•1.
Roman
Naval
Superiority.
Hannibal
had
a
splendid
army,
but
not
a
big
enough
navy
to
assist
it.
•2.
Resources
&
invasion.
Hannibal's
only
strong
base
and
source
of
manpower
and
supplies
was
Spain. Hannibal's
Strategy?
-
ANS--Invading
Italy
-having
a
single
front
war.
-Would
also
hopefully
surprise
the
Romans
-render
the
Roman
navy
useless
-forces
would
NOT
go
to
Carthage
and
Spain
directly
because
they
would
be
in
Rome
Hannibal's
Invasion
of
Italy
-
ANS-•March
218
B.C.
•30,000
infantry
•9,000
cavalry
•37
war
elephants
•Marched
north
from
Spain
through
the
Alps
and
on
to
Italy.
•By
September
218
B.C.,
Hannibal
was
across
the
Alps
and
in
Italy
among
the
friendly
Gauls.
Roman
Strategy
-
ANS-•Go
on
the
offensive-
taking
the
war
to
Carthage
in
both
Spain
and
North
Africa.
Battles
of
Ticinus
River
(218
B.C.)
-
ANS-•First
clash
between
Hannibal
and
the
Romans
•Minor
cavalry
skirmish
marked
only
by
the
wounding
and
near
capture
of
Scipio.
•Halted
Longus'
invasion
plan
of
North
Africa
Battle
of
Trebia
River
(218
B.C.)
-
ANS-•December
218
B.C.
•Fought
south
of
Ticinus
•Romans
hoped
to
find
native,
anti-Gaul
allies
along
the
Trebia
•Romans
had
about
42,000
under
Longus
•Carthage
had
about
30,000
soldiers
•Devastating
outcome
for
Rome:
26,000
casualties
(out
of
42,000)
•Carthage
lost
only
5,000
(out
of
30,000)
Battle
of
Lake
Trasimene
(217
B.C.)
-
ANS-•June
217
B.C.
•Hannibal
moved
south
into
Italy
•Roman
consul
Gaius
Flaminius
pursued
Hannibal
into
the
mountains
near
Aretzo
(and
Lake
Trasimene).
•The
overall
Roman
losses
were
15,000
(out
of
30,000),
including
Flaminius.
•Hannibal's
forces
lost
only
about
2,500.
Quintus
Fabius
Maximus
-
ANS-dictator
during
the
Second
Punic
War
•Understood
that
Hannibal
could
not
be
beaten
by
the
usual
tactics
•Believed
the
Roman
army,
decimated
and
demoralized,
needed
time
to
recover
•His
strategy:
Avoid
battle
but
follow
and
harass
Hannibal's
army.
Marcus
Minucius
-
ANS-•Master
of
the
Horse,
the
dictator's
top
lieutenant
(commander
of
the
cavalry)
•Scorned
Fabius
as
cowardly
•Became
popular
and
overconfident
after
a
successful
skirmish
•Fabius
offered
him
the
army
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