True/False Questions: 1. The social responsibilities of engineers are laid down accurately in the law . 2. In a deontological approach, whether effectiveness and efficiencies of a certain technology are morally worth pursuing dep ends on the ends for which they are employed . 3. In a technocracy, the technological insights of an engineer would be decisive in governing the society . 4. Milton Friedman argues that corporations do not have any responsibilities towards the environment or the society at large, because they should not enforce their particular view on morality upon other people . 5. ‘External auditing’ means that a company chooses to be assessed by the governments in terms of its own corporate codes . 6. Values prescribe a spe cific human characteristic or quality . 7. Utilitarianism evaluates the rightness of action based on the maximization of pleasure and minimization of pain . 8. ‘Reciprocity principle’ as the second formulation of Kant’s categorical imperative states that one should always treat the rational, free and intelligent human -beings as a mean and never as an end . 9. Prima facie norms are moral norms that apply unless the y are overruled by more important norms . 10. The technocratic fallacy says that the engineers rather than politicians should assess the acceptability of technological risk, since they have competence in determining the nature and the magnitude of that risk . 11. ‘Contingent validation’ is a method used for expressing values such as safety and sustainability in monetary units by asking people how much they are willing to pay for that value . 12. When two values are incommensurable it means that they contradict each other 13. Redundant systems are primarily integrated into a technological design for the purpose of safety . 14. The ‘Precautionary principle’ states that when there is no scientific evidence to prove that a new technology can cause harm to the envir onment, we may continue developing that technology . 15. A ‘Problem of many hands’ is a situation in which the collective can reasonably be held responsible while none of the individuals can be held responsible for the outcome . 16. Strict liability says tha t one can only be held liable when the person has been negligent with respect to his or her duties . 17. ‘Collective responsibility’ is a model in which only those individuals in a in a collective (i.e. an organization) could be held responsible that have contributed to a wrong -doing . 18. Rule utilitarianism says that when a rule manages to promote happiness it can be referred to as a moral rule . 19. ‘Inherent safety’ is an approach to safe design that copes with hazards instead of avoiding those hazards . 20. Science works based on ‘inductive argumentation’, because scientists continuously try to support the t ruth of an empirical law by means of measurements .
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