BIOS 256 Final Exam Questions With Correct Answers
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Course
BIOS 256
Institution
BIOS 256
BIOS 256 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
What are male gametes? - answerSperm
What are female gametes? - answerSecondary oocytes
Embryonic period? - answerFrom fertilization through the eighth week of development
Fetal period? - answerBegins at week 9 and continues on until birth
De...
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM BIOS 256 Final Exam Questions With Correct Answers What are male gametes? - answer✔✔Sperm What are female gametes? - answer✔✔Secondary oocytes Embryonic period? - answer✔✔From fertilization through the eighth week of development Fetal period? - answer✔✔Begins at week 9 and continues on until birth Describe the first trimester? - answer✔✔The first trimester is from conception to 13 weeks. This period is very critical to babies health due to the extensive oran -system development, and baby is most vulnerable to teratogens. Describe the second trimester? - answ er✔✔14 weeks to 27 weeks. Baby begins to develop human like features Describe the third trimester? - answer✔✔28 weeks to 40 weeks. Rapid fetal growth, fetus doubles in weight. Cleavage of zygote - answer✔✔Mitotic division after fertilization Day 1: two -cell stage Day 2: four -cell stage Day 3: eight -cell stage Day 4: morula Day 5: blastocyst Day 6: Implantation in uterine wall FIGURE 29.5 What factors stimulate the thirst center in the hypothalamus? - answer✔✔Increased blood osmolarity(more solutes) Decreased blood volume Decreased blood pressure Dry mouth EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 26, 2024 9:30 AM What does a decreased blood pressure stimulate in the kidneys? - answer✔✔Stimulates the release of renin, which increases angiotensin II formation, leading to increased thirst, increased water intak e, and increased blood volume, and increased blood pressure What are the two main solutes in extracellular fluid and in urine? - answer✔✔Na+ and Cl - ADH function - answer✔✔ADH responds to increased osmolarity, by inserting aquaporins in late DCT and collec ting ducts, which increases the permeability to water and allows for more water to be reabsorbed, decreasing blood osmolarity, increasing blood volume, increasing blood pressure What are the two most important hormones in renal reabsorption and urine regul ation? - answer✔✔Aldosterone and ANP When is RAAS activated? - answer✔✔Decreased blood pressure or Na+ deficiency in plasma, this causes an increase in renin release which activates the RAAS system. This increases Na+ reabsorption and water reabsorption in the late DCT and collecting ducts Functions of ANP - answer✔✔ANP responds to increased blood volume and increased stretch of atria of the heart, promoting natriuresis (elevated excretion of Na+ into urine). Where sodium goes, water follows, therefore ther e is also a loss of water, and a decrease in blood volume. What are the most abundant cation and anion of ECF? - answer✔✔Na+ and Cl - What are the most abundant cation and anion of the ICF? - answer✔✔K+, proteins, and phosphates 3 buffer systems in the body - answer✔✔(1) the carbonic acid -sodium bicarbonate buffer system, (2) the phosphate buffer system, and (3) the protein buffer system. Exhalation of CO2 as a buffer system - answer✔✔Increased exhalation of CO2 increases exhalation of H+ and increases the p H, decreased exhalation of CO2 decreases exhalation of H+ and decreases the pH Kidneys as a buffer system - answer✔✔Renal tubules secrete H+ in urine, and reabsorb HCO3 - so it is not lost in urine Respiratory acidosis - answer✔✔A drop in pH due to the fail ure to exhale sufficient amounts of CO2. Solution: the renal system may correct this by increasing the excretion of H+ in urine and increasing HCO3 - reabsorption Respiratory alkalosis - answer✔✔An increase in pH due to the excessive exhalation of CO2. Solution: the renal system may correct this by decreasing the excretion of H+ and decreasing the reabsorption of HCO3 -
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