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Pearson Edexcel - GCSE/iGCSE History - USA Civil rights ()
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These are the notes for Pearson Edexcel GCSE/iGCSE History for the USA Civil rights () module. These notes helped me secure a 9/A*.
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USA Civil rights (1945-1974)● The US Political system
- The US government (The Constitution - Federal Government, State
governments, Amendments)
- Democrats and Republicans
● The Red scare
- Capitalism and Communism, Immigration laws
- The Cold war (Soviet expansion in Europe, Truman doctrine, Marshall plan –
Dollar imperialism, The berlin crisis – Impact)
- The role of the FBI (Federal loyalty boards, Impact)
- The House committee on Un-American Activities (The Hollywood ten, Impact)
- The Hiss case and the Rosenberg case
- Joseph McCarthy (McCarthyism, Downfall of McCarthyism, Impact)
● Civil Rights in the 1950s
- Segregation and discrimination (Jim Crow – Minstrel shows, North and South
America)
- Brown vs Topeka (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured
People, B vs T – Impact)
- Ku Klux Klan revival (White Citizens council, KKK bombings)
- The lynching of Emmett Till (Impact)
- Montgomery Bus Boycott (Rosa Parks, The Boycott - Montgomery
Improvement Association, Martin Luther King, How the boycott was
maintained, Browder vs Gayle, Impact)
- Civil rights act 1957 (Impact)
- School desegregation (Little Rock Nine, Impact)
● Civil Rights Protests
- Sit-ins (NAACP, Congress of racial equality, Southern Christian Leadership
Conference, Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, Impact)
- Freedom Rides (Anniston Fire Bombing)
- The Meredith Case (James Meredith, Impact)
, - Martin Luther King (Good Qualities, Mahatma Gandhi, Non-Violent direct
action)
- Birmingham Peace Marches (Protests, Impact)
- March on Washington (‘I have a dream’ speech, Impact)
- Mississippi Freedom summer (Murders, Failures and Successes)
- Selma and Voting Rights (Impact)
- Civil rights legislation (Civil rights act 1964, Voting rights act 1965, Impact)
● The Split Civil rights movement
- The nation of Islam (Black nationalism)
- Malcom X (X’s work, Later views and legacy)
- Black Power (Growth of Black Power, Stokely Carmichael, Mexico Olympics
1968, Impact)
- Black Panther (10-point plan, Successes)
- Race riots (Wyatt riots, Kerner Report, Impact)
● Mainstream Civil Rights movement
- Chicago Freedom Movement (Operation breadbasket, Race riots)
- Poor people’s campaign (Successes and Failures)
- Bussing (President Nixon – Swann vs Charlotte-Mecklenburg board of
education, Milliken vs Bradley, Impact)
- Affirmative action (President Johnson, Griggs vs Duke Power, President Nixon,
aftermath of Civil rights)
● Other Protest Movements
- Reasons for the growth in protest movements
- Student Protests (Students for a Democratic society, Berkley Free speech
movement, Successes and Failures)
- Anti-Vietnam war protests (The Vietnam War, Opposition to war, Anti-war
Protests, Impact)
- Hippies (Impact)
- Women’s Movement (Eleanor Roosevelt, Betty Freidan – National
Organisation for Women, Women’s Liberation movement, Abortion – Roe vs
Wade, Phyllis Schlafly, Equal Rights Amendment, Impact)
● Nixon and Watergate
,- President Nixon
- The White House plumbers (Committee to Re-elect the President)
- The role of the FBI and the Washington post
- Watergate scandal (Watergate recordings)
- Presidential Pardon
- Impact (Impact on Nixon, Impact on US politics, Long and short term, New
laws)
, The US Political System
● Each state in the US has its own Government
● The Federal Government is the Government for the whole country
- It is based in Washington DC
The Federal Government
● The Federal Government is responsible for foreign policy and taxation
● The Executive part of the Government runs the country
- It is led by the President and helped by the Vice President and the
Cabinets
- The departments carry out Government policies and are led by
secretaries chosen by the President
● All member of the Executive are known as the President’s administration
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