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Pearson Edexcel - GCSE Germany - The USA ()
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These are the notes for Pearson Edexcel - GCSE/iGCSE Germany -The USA () module.
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The USA (1918-1941)● The Roaring 20s
- The Economic Benefits of World War I (USA in the war, Industry,
Agriculture, Workers, Limitations)
- Reasons for the 1920s economic boom (Henry Ford-Mass Production, Hire
Purchase, Advertising, Consumerism, Stock Market Popularity)
- The Social Impact of the 1920s (The Leisure Industry, Cinema, Jazz and
Dancing, Sport, Radio and Advertising, Motoring)
- The Position of Women (1918 vs 1920s, Limitations, Flappers)
- Industries Facing Problems (Farming Industry – The Impact of WWI, The
Fordney McCumbers Tariff, Government Support, Over production,
Mechanization… the Decline of Older Industries – Coal Mining, Textile
Factories, Railroad Industry, The effects of the Decline)
● Increased Social tensions in the 1920s
- Attitudes and policies towards immigration (Attitudes, Policies, Impact)
- The Red Scare (Red Scare – Bolshevik Revolution/Marxism, Palmer Raids,
Consequences)
- Sacco Vanzetti Case (The robbery, The trial, The Results)
- The Black American Experience (Jim Crow Laws – South America, KKK)
- The Monkey Trial (Morals and Values, the Origins of the Trial, The Trial, The
Judgment, The result)
- Prohibition and Gangs (Prohibition – Volstead Act, Causes, Negative and
Positive effects, Gangs – Al Capone and Others, Impact of Gangs,
Consequences of Prohibition)
● The Great Depression (1929-1933)
- Wall Street Crash (Causes, Consequences)
- Impact of the Depression (Industry, People’s lives - Unemployment,
Disadvantaged Groups, Homelessness, Hooverville, Bonus Marchers…
Agriculture)
- Hoover’s Reaction to the Depression (Hoover’s Beliefs, Hoover’s Actions –
limitations, Positive and Negative effects)
,● Roosevelt and the New Deal (1932-1941)
- (1932 election, 100 days – alphabet agencies, results)
- The second new deal (WPA, workers, the poor, farmers, the old and
disadvantaged, banks)
- Opposition to the New Deal (Groups that opposed the new deal and why,
successful opposition, Notable critics of the New deal, Impact of the
criticism)
- The end of the New Deal (Achievements and Shortcomings, Minorities –
Women, Black people and Native Americans)
- The Impact of the Second World War on the New Deal
, The Roaring 20s
The Economic Benefits of World War One (WWI)
USA and World War One
● The USA declared its independence from Britain in 1776
● Since then the USA has had a history of practicing isolationism – Thomas
Jefferson, the 3rd US President spoke of “avoiding entangling alliances” and
from then on the USA pursued an isolationist foreign policy
● The First World War began in 1914 – the US Government said it would not
take sides, but America’s support for Britain and France soon became clear
- The USA offered huge loans to help Britain and France keep fighting
- The USA sold far more goods to the ‘big three’ than they shipped to
Germany
● America joined the war on 2nd April 1917 because:
- German submarines had begun to attack US ships: A German
Submarine (U-boat 20) sank a vessel (Lusitania) which included many
American passengers in May 1915 – 1,198 people were killed
- A secret telegram was discovered, revealing a German plot against
the USA
, Why America Benefitted from WWI
o The war created a demand for American goods in Europe
- Europeans involved in the war did not have the resources to grow
enough food, extract enough fuel or produce enough iron or steel
because all their resources were put towards winning the war
- American Industries, farms and workers benefitted from a huge
growth in overseas demand
US Industries
● Factory Production grew by 35% during WWI
● In 1910, America produced 26.1 million tons of steel but in 1920, it
produced 42.1 million tons
● America produced 40% of the world’s iron in 1920
● Shipbuilding increased to replace ships destroyed by submarines
● Railroads were modernized to transport wartime goods and soldiers around
the USA efficiently
● American Brands became very popular in Europe – like Cigarettes smoked
by US soldiers
US Agriculture
● America supplied 30% of the world’s wheat and 55% of the world’s cotton in
1920, when European farming had begun to recover.
● Prices for farmed goods rose by 25% during the war
● The average income for farmers increased by 30% in the duration of the war
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