A&P 2 Exam 1 Questions With Verified
Answers
What is the body's 2nd great controlling system? - answerThe Endocrine System
What 2 systems act to maintain homeostasis? - answerNervous & Endocrine
T/F Hormones wash over all cells but only affects target cells. - answerTrue
When hormones are bein...
EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 23, 2024 4:26 PM A&P 2 Exam 1 Questions With Verified Answers What is the body's 2nd great controlling system? - answer✔✔The Endocrine System What 2 systems act to maintain homeostasis? - answer✔✔Nervous & Endocrine T/F Hormones wash over all cells but only affects target cells. - answer✔✔True When hormones are being classified chemically, there are two groups. What are they? - answer✔✔Amino Aci d Based Hormones & Steroid Based Hormones What are the 6 major endocrine glands? - answer✔✔1. Pineal gland 2. Pituitary gland 3. Thyroid gland 4. Parathyroid glands 5. Thymus gland 6. Adrenal gland What is the second great control system of the body that i nteracts with the nervous system to coordinate and integrate the activity of body cells? - answer✔✔The Endocrine System T/F: The control and speed of the endocrine system is similar to that of the nervous system. - answer✔✔False The endocrine system influe nces metabolic activity by means of what? - answer✔✔Hormones The word "hormone" means... - answer✔✔to excite What are hormones? - answer✔✔Chemical messengers released into the blood to be transported throughout the body Binding of a hormone to cellular rec eptors initiates responses that typically occur after a lag period of seconds or even days. Although this makes the system slower than the nervous system, what is the upside to this? - answer✔✔Once initiated, the response tends to be much more prolonged th an those induced by the nervous system EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 23, 2024 4:26 PM T/F: Hormonal targets ultimately include most cells of the body, and hormones have widespread and diverse effects. - answer✔✔True The major processes controlled and integrated by hormones are... (5) - answer✔✔1. repro duction 2. growth and development 3. maintenance of electrolyte, water, and nutrient balance of the blood 4. regulation of cellular metabolism and energy balance 5. mobilization of body defenses What is the term defined as the scientific study of hormones and the endocrine organs - answer✔✔Endocrinology T/F: compared with other organs of the body, those of the endocrine system are small and unimpressive. - answer✔✔True The endocrine system differs from other bodily systems in terms of arrangement. Explain. - answer✔✔They are not grouped together but rather widely spread throughout the body. What is the name for the glands which produce nonhormonal substances, such as sweat and saliva, & have ducts that carry these substances to a membrane surface. - answer✔✔Exocrine glands What is the name for the glands which produce hormones and lack ducts. - answer✔✔Endocrine glands T/F: Endocrine glands typically have a rich vascular and lymphatic drainage that receives their hormones. - answer✔✔True Most of the hormone -producing cells in the endocrine glands are arranged in _____ and _____ networks -- a situation that maximizes contact between the cells and the capillaries surrounding them. - answer✔✔Most of the hormone -producing cells in the endocrine glands are arranged in CORDS and BRANCHING networks -- a situation that maximizes contact between the cells and the capillaries surrounding them. Define a neuroendocrine organ. - answer✔✔organs which have neural functions as well as producing and releasing hormones (ex. hypothalamus) T/F: Very few organs contain scattered endocrine cels or small clusters of endocrine cells. - answer✔✔False; many organs T/F: Hormone -producing cells are found in the walls of the small intestine, stomach, kidneys, and heart. - answer✔✔True Are autocrines and paracrines part of the endocrine system? Why or why not? - answer✔✔No EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 23, 2024 4:26 PM Are hormones long or short -distanced chemical signals that travel in blood or lymph throughout the body? - answer✔✔Long -distanced Chemicals that exert th eir effects on the same cells that secrete them are called what? - answer✔✔Autocrines Chemicals that exert their effects locally but affect cell types other than those releasing the chemical are called what? - answer✔✔Paracrines Certain tumor cells synthes ize hormones __________ to those made in normal endocrine glands. - answer✔✔identical What term can be defined as "chemical substances, secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body"? - answ er✔✔Hormones Most hormones are ___________ based. (steroid or amino acid) - answer✔✔amino acid Do amino based hormones vary in molecular size? - answer✔✔Yes. Steroids are synthesized from ____________. - answer✔✔cholesterol Of the hormones produced by majo r endocrine organs, only 2 hormones are steroids.. which ones are they? - answer✔✔Gonadal and adrenocortical hormones T/F: All circulating hormones in the body are organic molecules. - answer✔✔True Insulin, PTH, and epinephrine are the top three ________ b ased hormones in the human body. - answer✔✔amino acid based hormones Leukotrienes and prostaglandins are considered __________. - answer✔✔Eicosanoids Define eicosanoids - answer✔✔biologically active lipids (made from arachidonic acid) which are released by nearly all cell membranes. These are made from arachidonic acid. - answer✔✔Eicosanoids _______ are signaling chemicals that mediate inflammation and some allergic reactions. - answer✔✔leukotrienes _________ are signaling chemicals that have multiple targe ts and effects, ranging from blood pressure and increasing the expulsive uterine contractions of birth to enhancing blood clotting, pain, and inflammation. - answer✔✔prostaglandins Eicosanoids generally act as paracrines and autocrines and do not fit the d efinition of a true hormone. Why? - answer✔✔Because they are highly localized meaning they only effect nearby cells (true hormones influence distant targets) If a hormone is a protein or peptide it is usually _______ based. - answer✔✔amino acid
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