CUS3701 Assignment 3 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2024 (629218)- DUE 6 August 2024
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CUS3701 Assignment 3 2024 (6292
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University Of South Africa
CUS3701 Assignment 3 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2024 (629218)- DUE 6 August 2024; 100% TRUSTED workings, explanations and solutions. for assistance Whats-App....... QUESTION 1 Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow. MAPHUNGUBWE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE The ancient city of Mapungubwe (meaning...
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,CUS3701 Assignment 3 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2024
(629218)- DUE 6 August 2024; 100% TRUSTED
workings, explanations and solutions. for assistance
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QUESTION 1
Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow.
MAPHUNGUBWE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE The ancient city of
Mapungubwe (meaning “hill of the jackal”) is an Iron Age
archaeological site in the Limpopo province on the border
between South Africa, Zimbabwe and Botswana, 75 km from
Messina. It sits close to the point where the Limpopo and Shashe
Rivers meet. One thousand years ago, Mapungubwe appears to
have been the centre of the largest known kingdom in the African
sub-continent. The civilization thrived as a sophisticated trading
centre from around 1200 to 1300 AD, trading gold and ivory with
China, India and Egypt. The site was “discovered” on 31
December 1932, when a local informant, Mowena, led E.S.J. van
Graan (farmer and prospector), his son and three others to
Greefswald farm on Mapungubwe Hill. On the hill, they noticed
stone walls and on closer inspection, they recovered gold and iron
artifacts, pottery and glass beads. Van Graan's son recognised
the academic value of the site and contacted the head of the
Department of History at the University of Pretoria, Professor Leo
Fouché. As a result of his intervention, the University negotiated
with the owner of the property, E.E. Collins. In a legal agreement,
, the University took ownership of the gold and other artifacts and
secured an option and a contract for excavation rights. The
University also successfully requested a postponement of
prospecting, mining and related activities on Greefswald. In June
1933, Greefswald was bought by the Government and excavation
rights were granted to the University of Pretoria. The University
established an Archaeological Committee, which from 1933 to
1947 oversaw research and excavations (read more about the
excavations). Mapungubwe Hill is 300 m long, broad at one end,
tapering at the other. It is only accessible by means of two very
steep and narrow paths that twist their way to the summit, and yet
2 000 tons of soil have been artificially transported to the very top
by a prehistoric people of unknown identity. Downloaded by
Corona Virus () lOMoARcPSD| CUS3701 ASSESSMENT
03/2024 Archaeological enquiry uncovered the remnants of
numerous dwellings, which had been built on the ruins of
predecessors over many generations, resulting in a series of
habitation phases. Radiocarbon dates show that the first buildings
were erected below the hill at the beginning of the 11th century
AD. But adjacent to Mapungubwe is the sister site of
Bambandyanalo, which was settled even earlier. It seems that the
centre of the state shifted from Bambandyanalo to Mapungubwe
Hill in about 1045 AD, when the town most probably became
overcrowded. It was also at about this time that hills and
mountains became associated with royalty and the noble classes
began to build their structure on high ground. This is an important
observation as it provided evidence of the extensive wealth and
social differentiation of the people of Mapungubwe; in other
words, this ancient civilization was class based. The gold findings
are also evidence of early gold smelting. A large number of
artifacts from the royal family were discovered at Mapungubwe.
The best known of these objects is the golden rhinoceros. All in
all, the amount of gold from this burial amounted to 7 503 ounces.
Greefswald farm remained the property of the State from the
1930s. Management of the farm was taken over by the provincial
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