HESI A2 A&P ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONELS |FROM A VERIFIED EXPERT ALREADY GRADED A+ Which might you expect to see in a whiplash injury? A. Cardiopulmonary problems B. Side -to-side spi nal curvature C. Eventual herniation of discs D. Traumatic injury to ligaments - ANSWER -D. Because of the hyperflexion and hyperextension caused by such a collision, it is not uncommon to find tears or stretching of the ligaments of the spine. The injury is front -to-back, making choice B unlikely, and a herniated disc (choice C) is more of a compression injury. Which is an anterior muscle? A. Gluteus maximus B. Quadriceps femoris C. Biceps femoris D. Adductor magnus - ANSWER -B. An anterior mu scle is located near the front of the body. Of those listed, the quadriceps( frontal thigh muscle) is the most anterior. How might the headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury? A. By limiting hyperflexion of the neck B. By limiting hyperextension of the neck C. By reducing vertebral compression D. By preventing disc degeneration - ANSWER -B. The headrest prevents the head from moving too far backward, or hyperextending the neck beyond its normal range. Muscle contractions that normally move food along the human digestive system are known as ________. A. defecation B. osmosis C. peristalsis D. circulation - ANSWER -C. Defecation(choice A) is th e elimination of waste. Osmosis (choice B) is the movement of molecules across a membrane. Circulation (choice D) is the movement of blood through the body. Peristalsis (choice C) is the involuntary, wavelike movement of muscles in the intestine and elsewh ere that pushes food along. Which type of nutrient does not provide the body with energy? A. Vitamin B. Carbohydrate C. Fat D. Protein - ANSWER -A. Some nutrients supply energy, and others support metabolism. Nutrients in the first set include carbohydrate s, proteins, and fats. Those in the secound set include vitamins, minerals, and water. Where would you be likely to find a Schwann cell? A. In the digestive system B. In the nervous system C. In the skeletal system D. In the muscular system - ANSWER -B. Sc hwann cells wrap around the nerve fibers and form the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system. How does the nervous system work with the muscular system? A. The muscles of the body produce chemicals that feed the nerves. B. The nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment. C. The nervous system releases chemicals that remove excess waste from the muscles. D. The muscular system provides input that allows the nerves to make decisions. - ANSWER -B. The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It receives and transmits signals from the environment that regulate voluntary and involuntary movement. Which part of the nervous system includes the femoral , radial, and ulnar nerves? A. Somatic B. Autonomic C. Sympathetic D. Parasympathetic - ANSWER -A. The symphathetic and parasympathetic systems (choice C and D) are part of the autonomic nervous system (choice B), which controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles, glands, and heart. The somatic nervou s system (choice A) has to do with reception of external stimuli and voluntary control of the muscles. Where might a herniated lumbar disc be most likely to create pain? A. Along the radial nerve B. Within the spinal cord C. Along the sciatic nerve D. Alo ng the tibial nerve - ANSWER -C. Damage to a disc in the lower back will most likely cause pain radiating downward along the sciatic nerve. What is the name of the bone in the human thigh? A. Ulna B. Femur C. Radius D. Humerus - ANSWER -B. The ulna (choice A), radius (choice C), and humerus (choice D) are arm bones.
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