Medical Surgical Nursing Chapter 17 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid -Base Imbalances -Audio Friendly Questions With Complete Solutions A patient asks why the primary health care provider prescribed a b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Which response by the nurs e is accurate? hhCorrect Answers hh3 It is a blood test that shows if there is excess fluid in the heart. A nurse is caring for a patient who reports diarrhea and vomiting for the past five days. As a result, the patient has developed severe hypokalemia . The primary health care provider prescribes IV potassium chloride (KCl) treatment. How can the nurse ensure the safety of the patient when administering IV KCl? Select all that apply. hhCorrect Answers hh1 Continuously monitor cardiac function 2 Check hourly for the presence of phlebitis at the IV site 3 Monitor the urine output The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with heat stroke and with a urine output of 4000 mL per day. What is the most appropriate nursing action? hhCorrect Answers hh3 Administrating lactated Ringer's solution On assessment, the nurse finds that a patient has a headache, increased blood pressure, peripheral edema, dyspnea, and jugular venous distention. The symptoms indicate excess fluid volume. Which causes of excess f luid volume might the nurse find in the patient? Select all that apply. hhCorrect Answers hh1 Heart failure 4 Long -term use of corticosteroids 5 Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) A nurse is teaching the nursing assistants the import ance of performing accurate weighings. Which content should be included? Select all that apply. hhCorrect Answers hh1 Calibrate the scale before using 2 Weigh patient with same garments each day 3 Weigh the patient at the same time each day 6 If bed s cale used, weigh with same number of linens on the bed 2 A patient has been admitted for dehydration. What is a priority nursing intervention? 2 hhCorrect Answers hh2 Perform daily weights 4 The nurse is caring for a 92 -year-old patient who has dehyd ration. The nurse would instruct the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to report which finding? hhCorrect Answers hh4 Urine output of 350 mL in 24 hours 3, 4, 5 A 71 -year-old patient is admitted with nausea and vomiting. Which manifestations would th e nurse assess to check for the presence of dehydration? Select all that apply. hhCorrect Answers hh3 Urine output 10 mL/hr 4 Tachycardia 5 Sunken eyes 1 A patient is diagnosed with Cushing syndrome. What manifestation does the nurse anticipate while assessing this patient? hhCorrect Answers hh1 Dyspnea Excess extracellular volume may result from fluid retention during Cushing syndrome. This shift of fluid into the interstitial spaces leads to blockage of air spaces (pulmonary edema) resulting in dy spnea, crackles, and peripheral edema. Dry mouth, weight loss, and restlessness are the common manifestations resulting from extracellular fluid depletion. hhCorrect Answers hh Test-Taking Tip: Identifying content and what is being asked about that cont ent is critical to your choosing the correct response. Be alert for words in the stem of the item that are the same or similar in nature to those in one or two of the options. Text Reference - p. 292 hhCorrect Answers hh 1, 3, 4 The dehydrated patient is receiving a hypertonic solution. What assessments must be done to avoid risk factors of these solutions? Select all that apply. hhCorrect Answers hh1 Lung sounds 3 Blood pressure (BP) 4 Serum sodium level BP, lung sounds, and serum sodium levels mus t be monitored frequently because of the risk for excess intravascular volume with hypertonic solutions. hhCorrect Answers hh 1 A patient with blood pressure of 160/90 mm Hg has pedal edema. Which process of transport of molecules would be in action? hhCorrect Answers hh1 Osmosis A patient with blood pressure of 160/90 mm Hg has hypertension and develops pedal edema due to excess sodium in the blood. This leads to movement of water down the gradient. Therefore, the water from the blood vessels moves f rom higher concentrations to lower concentration across the semipermeable membrane with the help of osmotic pressure and leads to accumulation of water in the extracellular spaces. Diffusion, active transport, and facilitated diffusion involve the movement of molecules from lower concentrations to higher concentrations. Text Reference - p. 287 hhCorrect Answers hh 3.5 hhCorrect Answers hhA patient weighing 60 kg with diabetes mellitus is excreting 3500 mL of urine per day. What is the
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