JPT HOA 1 Pre historic architecture 1. Pier
1. Geographical 2. Column
Elements of
2. Geological 3. Pilaster
Influences of the 24. classical supports
3. Climatic 18. Dolmen 4. Pedestal
1. development of (Basic forms)
4. Religious 5. Engaged column
architecture 6. Baluster
5. Socialpolitical
n
6. Historical 2 or more upright stones supporting a horizontal slab
Pre-historic 1. Stone age Elements of
2. structures Cultural 2. Bronze age classical supports
io
stages 3. Iron age (Basic forms)
25. A square pillar or
1. Paleolithic (Old stone age)
the part of a wall
3. Stone age 2. Mesolithic (Middle stone age) 19. Cromlech that sits between
3. Neolithic (New stone age)
ct
doors or windows.
4. Bronze age Covered the Minoan period of the Crete & Greek period. Pier
5. Iron age 25 to 50 years before Julius Ceasar 3 or more upright stones capped by an unchain flat stone,
indicates place of religious rites, e.g. Found at LANYON 1. Caryatids
1. Post & Lintel (Trabeated) Elements of 2. Canephorae
Constructive 2. Arch & Vault Cornwall
6. 26. classical supports 3. Atlas or Atlantes
le
Principles 3. Corbel or Cantilevered (Special forms) 4. Telamon or Telamones
4. Trussed 5. Anta column
Classifications of 1. Dwellings
7. early known types 2. Religious Monuments
ol
of architecture 3. Burial Grounds Stone circle or
20.
Dwelling 1. Rock cave stone row
8.
structures 2. Tents and huts
9. Rock cave Earliest form of dwellings
C
1. Natural cave Made up of 3,000 stones spaced upright e.g. "Stonehenge",
3 stages of the 27. Pilaster
10. 2. Artificial cave located at Wiltshire & on Salisbury Plain
evolution of cave
3. Cave above the ground
11. Tents and huts Made from the barks, animal skins & plant leaves.
12. Huts Usually made up of reeds, brushes and wattles
s
Classifications of
1. Monolith
13. religious
2. Megalithic
14.
structures
Monolith Isolated single upright stone also known as "menhir"
21.
ct
Stonehenge
are made up of concentric rings with the following:
Elements of classical supports (Basic forms)
te
1. Outer ring 106' in diameter
2. Isolated blue stone
28. Engaged column
3. Innermost Circle
4. Smaller blue stone
hi
1. Tumuli or
15. Menhir 22. burial mounds
"Barrows"
Elements of classical supports (Basic forms)
rc
Memorial of victory over one tribe. Prototypes of Egyptian Tumuli or
23.
pyramid. "Barrows" 29. Column
A
16. Megalithic Several number of stones
Types of 1. Dolmen
17. megalithic 2. Cromlech earthen mounds used for burials of several to couple
structures 3. Stone circle or stone row hundred of ordinary persons. Prototypes of pyramids in
Egypt also of the "beehive huts". Elements of classical supports (Basic forms)
1
, HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE (JPT)
The simplified version of the Roman Doric order and has no
44. Tuscan order
shaft flutes.
Superimposition or
45. The placing of one order after another or above another.
Supercolmniation
The clear space between two adjacent columns usually
30. Pedestal 46. Intercolumniation
measured at the lower parts of the shafts.
n
47. Arcade A line of counterthrusting arches raised on columns of piers.
A swelling or curving along the outline of a column shaft. It
34. Atlas or Atlantes was designed to counter-act the "Optical illusion" which
48. Entasis
io
gives a shaft bounded by straight line appearance of curving
Elements of classical supports (Basic forms) inwards.
1. Single
49. 2 kinds of Entasis
2. Double
ct
Elements of classical supports (Special forms)
male figure in kneeling position supporting the world at his
31. Baluster shoulders
le
ol
Elements of classical supports (Basic forms) Telamon or
35.
Telamones
C
Elements of classical supports (Special forms)
male figure in standing position in place of a column
50.
s
32. Caryatids
36. ct
Anta column
Classification of Temples
1. Anta/Temple in Antis/Distyle in antis
2. Double Anta/Double Temple in Antis/Amphidistyle in Antis
te
Elements of classical supports (Special forms) 3. Tholos
draped female figures without hands & carrying nothing 4. Prostyle
5. Amphiprostyle
Elements of classical supports (Special forms) 6. Dipteral
pier or pilaster formed by a thickening at the end of the wall 7. Peripteral
hi
It includes the column (capital, shaft, base) with an 8. Pseudoperipteral
37. Orders entablature, which is following a certain rule with regards to 9. Pseudodipteral
systems of designing.
1. Doric order
Classical orders
rc
38. 2. Ionic order
33. Canephorae (From Greece)
3. Corinthian order
Classical orders 1. Composite order
39. Anta/Temple in
(From Rome) 2. Tuscan order
51. Antis/Distyle in
A
The simplest, earliest & the most perfect among the orders,
40. Doric order antis
made up of wood.
41. Ionic order The most sophisticated, less heavy than the Doric order
Elements of classical supports (Special forms) 42. Corinthian order The slenderest, elegant, and the most elaborate order
same as caryatids but this time with basket on her head 43. Composite order Roman elaboration of the Corinthian order
Having two columns in front between antae
2
, HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE (JPT)
Monopteron
52.
n
(Tholos)
io
56. Peripteral
A circular building having a single row of columns 58. Pseudodipteral
surrounding a central structure or a courtyard. Also,
monopteros
ct
le
Having a single row of columns on all sides. Having an arrangement of columns suggesting a dipteral
53. Prostyle structure but without the inner colonnade.
ol
C
Having a portico on the front only.
54. Apteral Without a colonnade along the sides.
57. Dipteral
59. Pseudoperipteral
s
55. Amphiprostyle ct
te
Having two rows of columns on all sides.
Having a colonnade at one or each end, with engaged
columns at the sides
60. tumulus prehistoric burial mound
Prostyle on both fronts.
hi
61. wattle wooden strips used in wall construction
62. daub mixture of clay and dung used in construction
63. wattle and daub walls in this period were made of
Monoliths or
64. prototypes of Egyptian pyramids
rc
menhirs
A
3
, HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE (JPT)
Structure have no downspout, drainage, gutters due to Finished the construction of the "Hypostyle Hall", & erection
13. Climatic influence absence of rain. No windows to cut heat penetration and 42. Rameses II of the "Rock Temple at Abu-Simbel", and the "Remission",
sandstorm. Thebes.
Because they believe in "Life after death" and for the 1. Ptolemy II
43. Important personalities during the Ptolemaic period
preservation of the dead body. Pharaoh is not only king but 2. Ptolemy III
Why were
14. also "god" both political and religious ruler, when he dies he 44. Ptolemy II Built the Pharaohs or the "Light House"
pyramids built
becomes "osiris", god of dead. They're "monotheistic" in
n
45. Ptolemy III Founded the "Greatest Serapeum" at Alexandria
theory & "polytheistic" in practice. 46. Monarchy form of government
65. 1. Amun-ra - Chief god 47. Pharaoh King of Egypt, ruler, highest priest in Egypt
io
2. Rah - Symbol of the sun, hope for eternal life, sun god 48. Son of Pharaoh normal successor to the throne
from Heliopolis 49. Vizier king's most powerful official
examples of temporary tent-like structures 3. Atum - World creator He controls the royal treasuries, granaries, & supervises the
1. tepee 4. Osiris - God of the dead 50. Chancelor
census
ct
2. hogan 5. Isis - Wife of osiris
Different egyptian 51. Chief steward In charge of the King's personal estate & household
3. wigwam (American Indian) 15. 6. Horus - Sky god, son of osiris, also reincarnation of "Ra"
4. trullo (Southern Italy) gods 1. Noble families - royal throne with his family
himself
5. yurts (Mongol) 2. Soldiers, viziers, chacellors, chief stewards - next to
7. Set - Dread god of evil, brother of pleasure
leaders
woolly mammoth 8. Thot - Ibis headed god of wisdom 52. Social ranks
le
66. were used as frames by early builders in Ukraine and Siberia 3. Fishermen, farmers, craftsmen, merchants - ordinary
bones 9. Anubis - Jackal headed god of death
Egyptians
Catal Huyuk in 10. Ptah - God of craftsmen
67. was one of the early towns being built around 6000 BC 4. Slaves - lowest form
Turkey 11. Serapis - Bull god
1. Simplicity
The remnants of several Neanderthal huts were found inside 3rd millennium B.C. to roman period. Egypt was part of Architectural
ol
68. Lascaux Cave 30 dynasties 53. 2. Monumentality
[,blank,] in France 27. Persian empire for 2 centuries before the invasion of character
started from 3. Solidity or massiveness
Alexander the great
Systems of 1. Post & lintel
28. Middle kingdom 11th to 17th dynasty 54.
construction 2. Columnar or trabeated
2 types of tombs
C
Features of
developed during 1. Mastaba 1. Batterwall
29. 55. Egyptian
the ancient 2. Pyramid 2. Hieroglyphics
JPT HOA 1 Egyptian architecture architecture
kingdom
Egyptian 56. Batterwall Inclination from base to top of the facade
1. From 5000 B. C. to 1st Century A. D. 30. Ancient kingdom 1st to 10th dynasty
Architecture 57. Hieroglyphics Use as ornaments, pictures & writings from the walls
s
Important
Egypt is also 1. The Land of Pharaoh 1. Mentuhetep II 1. Tombs
2. personalities
known as 2. Desert Land 31. 2. Senusrets 2. Temples
during the middle
3.
4.
Nile River
Fertile soil
Geological
Egypt's means of communication, highway, & lifeline.
Egypt's greatest wealth
1. Stone
2. Sand dried bricks
32.
33.
34.
ct
kingdom
Mentuhetep II
Senusrets
Amenemhat I
3. Amenemhat I
Developed the 3rd type of "Rock-cut Tomb"
Erected the earliest known "Obelisk" at Heliopolis
Founded "Great Temple of Ammon Kharnak" Grandest of all
58.
Examples of
structures
3. Obelisks
4. Sphinx
5. Capitals & Columns
6. Mouldings
1. Mastaba
te
influence 3. Date palm temples
5. 59. 3 types of tombs 2. Pyramids
(Egyptian 4. Palm leaves 35. New empire 18th to 30th dynasty
Architecture) 5. Acacia 3. Rock cut tomb or Rock hewn tomb
1. Thotmes I - Flat top or tapered solid temple
6. Sycamore Important 2. Hatshepsut
6. Stone Abundant building material except on temples & pyramids 60. Mastaba - are tomb-houses that were made to take the body at full
personalities 3. Thotmes IV
hi
1. Limestone 36. length
during the new 4. Amenophis III 1. Outer chamber
7. Soft stone 2. Sandstone empire 5. Rameses I 3 important parts
3. Alabaster 61. 2. Serdab
6. Rameses II of mastaba
1. Granite 3. Sarcophagus
37. Thotmes I Began the additions to the Temple of Ammon, Kharnak
rc
2. Quartzite 62. Outer chamber part of mastaba where offerings were placed
8. Hard stone Queen of Egypt, famous for her funerary temple at Mt. part of mastaba; inner chamber containing the statues of the
3. Basalt 38. Hatshepsut 63. Serdab
Der-El-Bahari deceased member of the family
4. Porphyry The one responsible for the cleaning away of sand from the
9. Sun dried bricks made up of clay & chopped stone for pyramids & temples 39. Thotmes IV part of mastaba; chamber containing the "coffin" reached by
"Sphinx" 64. Sarcophagus
an under ground shaft.
A
Date palm & palm Erected the "Colossi of Memnon", one of the wonders of the
10. used for roofing 40. Amenophis III 65. Mastaba of Thi Example of mastaba
leaves world.
11. Acacia used for boats 66. Thi Royal architect, superintendent of pyramids in Egypt
Began the construction of the "Great Hypostyle Hall" at is the upright stone slab containing the name of the dead
12. Sycamore used for mummy cases 41. Rameses I
Kharnak 67. Stele
found in the mastaba
4
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