Exam 2: NSG318 / NSG 318 (Latest Update 2024 / 2025) Introduction to Pharmacology Exam | Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - GCU
Question:
general anesthetics
Answer:
depress the CNS to alleviate pain and cause loss of consciousness
Question:
what may be involv...
Exam 2: NSG318 / NSG 318 (Latest Update ) Introduction to Pharmacology Exam | Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - GCU Question: general anesthetics Answer: depress the CNS to alleviate pain and cause loss of consciousness Question: what may be involved in balanced anesthesia? Answer: hypnotic given the night before -premedication with opioid analgesic or benzodiazepine plus an anticholinergic 1 hour before surgery to decrease secretions -short acting nonbarbiturate -inhaled gas, often a combination of an inhalation anesthetic, nitrous oxide, and oxygen -a muscle relaxant as needed Question: balanced anesthesia Answer: a combination of drugs frequently used in general anesthesia Question: what are the benefits of balanced anesthesia? Answer: minimizes cardiovascular problems, decreases the amount of general anesthesia needed, reduces possible postanesthesia nausea/vomiting, minimizes disturbance of organ function, decreases pain Question: what are the four stages of anesthesia? Answer: 1. analgesia 2. excitement or delirium 3. surgical 4. medullary paralysis Question: stage 1 of general analgesia Answer: begins with consciousness and ends with loss of consciousness; speech is difficult, sensations of smell and pain are loss, dreams, auditory or visual hallucinations may occur "induction stage" Question: stage 2 of general analgesia Answer: produces a loss of consciousness by depression of the cerebral cortex; confusion, excitement, or delirium occur, and induction time is short Question: stage 3 of general analgesia Answer: surgical procedure performed at this stage; as anesthesia deepens, respirations become shallower and the respiratory rate is increased Question: stage 4 of general analgesia Answer: medullary paralysis: toxic stage of anesthesia in which respirations are lost and circulatory collapse occurs; ventilatory assistance is necessary Question: local anesthetics Answer: block pain at the site where the drug is administered by preventing conduction of nerve impulses Question: spinal anesthesia Answer: local anesthesia induced by injection of an anesthetic drug near the spinal cord to anesthetize nerves that are distal to the site of injection Question: nerve block Answer: injection of regional anesthetic to stop the passage of sensory or pain impulses along a nerve path
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