Optometry Exam Questions with Answers
4 Distinct Quadrants of the Visual Field - Answer-Superior Temporal OD (Rt Eye), Inferior Temporal (OD), Superior Temporal OS (Lt Eye), Inferior Temporal OS (Lt Eye). Overlap occurs in the nasal region. Each quadrant of the visual field is processed within a...
Optometry Exam Questions with Answers 4 Distinct Quadrants of the Visual Field - Answer -Superior Temporal OD (Rt Eye), Inferior Tempor al (OD), Superior Temporal OS (Lt Eye), Inferior Temporal OS (Lt Eye). Overlap occurs in the nasal region. Each quadrant of the visual field is processed within a specific area of the brain. List the Six Pairs of Extraocular Muscles - Answer -1. Medial Rectus 2. Lateral Rectus 3. Superior Rectus 4. Inferior Rectus 5. Superior Oblique 6. Inferior Oblique List the 4 Oculomotor Cranial Nerves of the EOMs - Answer -Oculomotor (CN III) -Medial Rectus -Inferior Rectus -Superior Rectus -Inferior Oblique List the Trochlear Cranial Nerve of the EOMs - Answer -Trochlear (CN IV) -Superior Oblique Evaluating the Visual Field - Answer -Using the patients four qua drants, hold up a number with your fingers - 1, 2 or 5 - 40 cm from the patient (about 40cm from the examiner as well. The patient should correctly identify the number of fingers presented in each quadrant for each eye, if not note that quadrant. FTF C (Fu ll to Finger Count). If the patient has a visual field defect, the finding should be followed up with an appropriate referral - possible imaging. Cornea - Answer -Transparent structure located in the anterior eye which is responsible for refracting (bendin g light). Clear structure which overlies the iris. Expected finding - clear - the entire iris should be visible beneath the cornea . Blink Reflex - Answer -The cornea is composed of unmyelinated nerve endings which are very sensitive to light and touch. Bli nk reflex will result in a direct and consensual response (both eyes close). Assessing by brushing a cotton swab in the periphery of the patient's cornea checks the autonomic innervation of the eye. The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve CN V. Asses s the efferent (motor) function of the orbicularis muscle (eyelid) innervated by the facial nerve CN VII. Ocular Health Exam: Anterior Portion of the Eye - Answer -Slit Lamp & Gross Observation Ocular Health Exam: Posterior Portion of the Eye - Answer -Slit Lamp with Specialized Lenses, Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope, Direct Opthalmoscope Expected Findings for the Lips/Lashes (Anterior Structures) - Answer --Symmetric Rt Eye vs. Lt Eye -Smooth, uniform skin -Clean without debris -Complete lid closure with no exposure of the globe Ptosis - Answer -Drooping upper eye lid - possible causes Horner syndrome, myasthenia gravis, superior eyelid or oribatl malignancy, congenital myogenic ptosis, cranial nerve III palsy. If it is acute ons et ptosis with diplopia (double vision) - STAT REFERRAL. Ectropion - Answer -Outward turning eyelid margin resulting in severe dry eye - mostly caused by aging - or less commonly CN VII palsy, cicatricial, mechanical Entropion - Answer -Inward turning eyel id margin resulting in chronic irritation of ocular surface due to lashes rubbing on globe - mostly caused by aging - less commonly cicatricial (rare autoimmune sub -epithelial blistering disease) or mechanical . Hordeolum - Answer -Acute infection of gland within eyelid typically caused by staphylococcus infection (tender and erythematous). Treat with warm compresses and consider oral antibiotics - Common infection of the eyelid and periorbital soft tissues - appropriate treatment of hordeolum will prevent c halazion development. Chalazion - Answer -Chronic infection of the Meibomain gland (oil glands in the eyelid). Not tender or erythematous. Treat with incision and curettage or steroid injection. Periorbital Cellulitis - Answer -"Preseptal" cellulitis, infe ction of the eye lid (anterior to the orbital septum) which typically results from local spread of an adjacent sinusitis. Eyelid erythema and edema without proptosis or restriction of extraocular muscles. Treat with oral antiobiotics - common infection. Orbital Cellulitis - Answer -Infection involving the eyelid which involves structures posterior to the orbital septum commonly associated paranasal sinus infection or dental infection - acute eyelid erythema and edema and may include proptosis of the eye, restriction of extraocular muscles resulting in pain on eye movement, reduced vision, and possible pupil involvement. - EMERGENT ADMITTANCE TO HOSPITAL - broad spectrum antibiotics and Neuro consult.
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