Nursing
Theories,
Fundamentals
of
Nursing
Test
1
Practice
Questions
Nightingale
Theory
-
ANS
Establishing
an
environment
that
allows
persons
to
recover
from
illness.
5
environmental
factors
-Pure
or
fresh
air
-Pure
water
-efficient
drainage
-cleanliness
-light
(especially
direct
sunlight)
Deficiencies
in
these
5
factors
produced
lack
of
health
or
illness
Metaparadigm
-
ANS
Environment,
client,
health,
and
nursing.
Can
be
superimposed
on
almost
any
work
in
nursing.
Midlevel/
middle
range
theories
-
ANS
Focus
on
the
exploration
of
concepts
ushc
as
pain,
self
esteem,
learning
,
and
hardiness.
Critical
theory
-
ANS
Describe
theories
that
help
elucidate
how
social
structures
affect
a
wide
variety
of
human
experiences
from
art
to
social
practices.
Peplau's
Interpersonal
Relations
Model
-
ANS
-Focused
on
therapeutic
relationship
between
the
nurse
and
the
client.
Nurses
enter
into
a
personal
relationship
when
a
need
is
present.
Client
relationship
evolves
in
4
phases
-Orientation
-Identification
-Exploitation:
client
uses
available
services
based
on
self-interest
and
needs
-Resolution:
old
needs
and
goals
are
put
aside
and
new
ones
are
adopted.
Once
older
needs
are
resolved,
newer
and
more
mature
ones
emerge
Hendersons
Theory
-
ANS
*Nurses
deal
with
both
healthy
and
ill
patients*
-14
Fundamental
theories
Describes
nursing
in
relation
to
the
client
and
the
clients
environment.
Sees
the
nurse
as
concerned
with
both
healthy
and
ill
individuals,
acknowledges
that
nurses
interact
with
clients
even
when
recovery
may
not
be
feasible,
and
mentions
the
teaching
and
advocacy
roles
of
the
nurse. Rogers
Science
of
Unitary
Human
Beings
-
ANS
Views
the
person
as
an
irreducible
whole,
the
whole
being
greater
than
the
sum
of
its
parts.
Humans
are
dynamic
energy
fields
in
continuous
exchange
with
environmental
fields,
both
of
which
are
infinite.
-Both
human
and
environmental
fields
are
characterized
by
pattern,
a
universe
of
open
systems,
and
four
dimensionality
-
Nurses
use
this
by
focusing
on
the
persons
wholeness,
seeking
to
promote
symphonic
interaction
between
the
2
energy
fields
to
strengthen
the
coherence
and
integrity
of
the
person
Orems
General
Theory
of
Nursing
-
ANS
3
related
concepts:
self
care
(has
4
concepts
within
it
self
care,
self
care
aegency,
self
care
requisites,
and
therapeutic
self
care),
self
care
deficit,
and
nursing
systems.
Kings
Goal
attainment
Theory
-
ANS
the
relationship
of
personal
systems
(individuals),
interpersonal
systems,
and
social
systems.
Offers
insight
into
nurses
interactions
with
individuals
and
groups
within
the
environment
Neumans
systems
model
-
ANS
Based
on
the
individuals
relationship
to
stress,
the
reaction
to
it,
and
reconstitution
factors
that
are
dynamic
in
nature.
Reconstitution
is
the
state
of
adaption
to
stressors.
Neumans
client
system:
Circle
Roy
Adaption
Model
-
ANS
Focuses
on
the
increasing
complexity
of
person
and
environment
self
organization,
and
on
the
relationship
between
and
among
persons,
universe,
and
what
can
be
considred
a
supreme
being
or
God.
-
-Enhance
life
processes
through
adaption
in
four
adaptive
modes:
Physiological
mode,
self
concept
mode,
the
role
function
mode,
the
interdependence
mode.
Leiningers
Cultural
Care
Diversity
and
Universality
Theory
-
ANS
Transcultural
nursing.
The
care
is
the
essence
of
nursing
and
the
dominant,
distinctive,
and
unifying
feature
of
nursing.
Human
caring
is
largely
culturally
derived.
-3
intervention
modes:
-Culture
care
preservation
and
maintenance,
-culture
care
accommodation,
-negotiation
or
both,
and
culture
care
restructuring
and
repatterning
Watsons
Human
caring
theory
-
ANS
Practice
of
caring
is
central
to
nursing:
it
is
the
unifying
focus
for
practice.
10
clinical
cartias
processes.
Parse's
HUmanbecoming
Theory
-
ANS
Humanbecoming
is
freely
choosing
personal
meaning
in
situations
is
the
intersubjective
process
of
relating
value
priorities.
-Humanbecoming
is
cocreating
rhythmic
patterns
or
relating
in
mutual
process
with
the
universe
-Humanbecoming
is
cotranscending
multidimensionally
with
the
emerging
possibles
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