C-Factor - Rating of the smoothness of the inside of the pipe.
Higher C-factor = smoother
PVC is 150. Copper is 140.
Generally decreases over time meaning the pipe gets rougher and more friction loss.
Densogram - Graphic view of precipitation to check uniformity.
Higher rates are darker.
Dist...
Texas Irrigator License Exa m 2024 : Hydraulics C-Factor - ✔✔Rating of the smoothness of the inside of the pipe. Higher C -factor = smoother PVC is 150. Copper is 140. Generally decreases over time meaning the pipe gets rougher and more friction loss. Densogram - ✔✔Graphic view of precipitation to check uniformity. Higher rates are darker. Distribution Uniformity (DU) - ✔✔Uniformity of distribution of water over a giv en area as a %. Found by doing a catch can test. Closer to 100% is better with 75% -80% excellent, 65% -75% good and <65% poor. Dynamic Pressure (Working Pressure) - ✔✔Pressure of water in motion. Pressure left wehn all pressure losses are subtracted f rom static pressure. Dynamic Water - ✔✔Water in motion Elevation Gain & Loss - ✔✔Pressure gain or loss of 0.433 psi for each 1' of elevation. Flow - ✔✔Movement of water in pipes. Measured as gpm (gallons per minute). Causes friction loss Flow Restric tions - ✔✔Physical restrictions in parts of an irrigation system that affect the flow of water causing a pressure loss. Foot -Head - ✔✔Measure of pressure equivalent to 0.433 psi and equal to weight of 1' of water on a 1 sq in surface. FPS - ✔✔Feet per second Maintained through size. Think of it like traffic. As velocity increased flow increases. Copper is 9 fps. Brass 7.5 fps. PVC 5 fps. Friction Loss - ✔✔Pressure loss due to friction as water flows through parts. Rougher means mo re friction loss. Hydraulic Design Steps - ✔✔1. Layout heads 2. Head inventory 3. Group in Zones --Determine limiting gpm from WM & service line 4. Layout Pipe --Put valve in middle & closer to side with less gpm to make the critical head calculations easier.
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