Exam (elaborations)
PN 1005 MIDTERM EXAM; QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
PN 1005 MIDTERM EXAM; QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS...
[Show more]
Content preview
PN 1005 MIDTERM EXAM; QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS term to describe the effects of a drug, sometimes it is called a side effect, that is no t desirable and can even be dangerous - ANSWER Adverse effects term for the name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company that developed it also called a trade name or proprietary name - ANSWER Brand name a name that reflects the chemical structure of a drug is called the .. - ANSWER generic name chemicals that are introduced into the body to bring about change - ANSWE R drugs The federal agency responsible for the regulation and enforcement of drug evaluation and distribution policies - ANSWER FDA- food and Dru g Administration drugs sold by their generic name; not brand name or trade name product - ANSWER generic drugs The original designation (name) that a drug is given when the company that developed it applies for the approval process - think chemical makeup - ANSWER generic name process of altering DNA, usually of bacteria, to produce a chemical to be used as a drug - ANSWER genetic engineering Drugs that have been discovered but would not be profitable for a drug comp any, usually drugs that would treat only a small number of people, this type of drug ca n* be adopted by drug companies to develop - ANSWER orphan drugs drugs that are available without prescription for self-treatment - AN SWER OTC - over-the-counter drugs the study of the biological effects of chemicals - ANSWER pharmacology Clinical pharmacology- the branch of pharm that deals with drugs, and chemicals used for medicine, treatment, prevention, and diagnosis - ANSWER Pharmacotherapeutics Which phase is this? A pilot study of a potential drug using a small number of selected, usually healthy human volunteers - ANSWER Phase I Which phase is this? a clinical study of a proposed drug by selected physicians using actual patients who have the disorder the drug is designed to treat - ANSWER Phase II Which phase out of 4 is this? drug used in vast clinical market - ANSWER Phase III Which phase out of 4 is this? continuous evaluation of a drug after it has been released for marketing - ANSWER Phase IV The initial trial of a chemical thought to have therapeutic potential u ses laboratory animals and not human subjects - ANSWER Preclinical trials Having adverse effects on the fetus is called? - ANSWER Teratogenic The following are all types of sources that make up ___________ plants, animals, inorganic elements, synthetic preparations - ANSWE R drugs The DEA controlled substance categories indicate? - ANSWER the abuse poten tial and associated regulation of a drug Are generic drugs sold under their generic name or their brand name? - ANSWER Generic Are brand name drugs or generic drugs safer/cheaper? - ANSWER Brand names are more expensive but safer Where are some places you can find information of a drug? (3) - ANSWER drug label reference books/journals internet sites Action of the body on the drug - ANSWER Pharmacokinetics What are 3 key tests that a drug must pass in accordance to the FDA - ANSWER animal testing human testing selected testing (disease) taking what type of drug could potentially mask signs and symptoms of und erlying diseases, making diagnosing difficult? - ANSWER Over the counter dru gs Can you safely take OTC drugs with prescription meds? - ANSWER No, can cause a negative drug-drug interaction Can taking OTC drugs directly cause an overdose - ANSWER No, not directly a term that describes what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body unti l it enters the circulating fluid - ANSWER Absorption What type of drug administration causes the drug to directly enter the circulatin g blood, bypassing the other barriers - ANSWER intravenous (IV) The movement of substances across a cell membrane against* the concentratio n gradient - requires energy - ANSWER Active transport synthetic chemicals used to interfere with the functioning of foreign cell populations, causing cell death, used for drug therapy with the desired effect being neoplasms - ANSWER Chemotherapeutic agents the concentration a drug must reach in the tissues to cause the desired t herapeutic effect - ANSWER critical concentration movement of a drug to body tissue - ANSWER distribution the *distribution* of a drug depends on (4 things) - ANSWER solubilit y, perfusion, cardiac output, and binding to plasma proteins removal of a drug from the body; primarily occurs in the kidneys, but can also occur through the skin, lungs, bile, or feces - ANSWER excretion a phenomenon in which drugs given orally are carried directly to the liver, where they can be inactivated by liver enzymes before they enter general circulation - ANSWER first pass effect Oral drugs are often given in higher doses because? - ANSWER process of the firs t pass effect causing liver enzymes to attack the drug, a higher dosage offers the therapeutic effect even if some of the chemical is inactivated the passage of water and water-soluble components from the plasma into the ren al tubule - ANSWER glomerular filtration the time it takes a drug to decrease to one half of its peak level - ANSWER half li fe the use of a higher dose is what is typically used for in treatments to allow the dr ug to reach the critical concentration sooner is called the ....... - ANSWER load ing dose the movement of substances across a semipermeable membrane with the concentration gradient - no energy needed - ANSWER passive diffusion the study of the interactions between chemical components of living sys tems and the foreign chemicals - including drugs that enter living organism s aka : how the drug effects the body - ANSWER Pharmacodynamics the study of genetically determined variations in the response to drugs - ANSWE R pharmacogenomicsThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Mirror. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67866 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now