Nationalist sentiments originated during the French Revolution and spread across Europe due to Napolean's triumphs. Napolean utilised nationalism to propel France to prominence in Europe. Nationalism contributed to establishing a national language to supplant regional languages in French classrooms.
Revision Notes
Class 10 - Social Science (History)
Chapter - 1 Rise of Nationalism in Europe
1. Frederic Sorrieu
● He is a French artist, who presented a series of paintings in 1848.
● He visualized his dreams, that is, a world of social and democratic
republics.
2. French Revolution
● French revolution in 1789, was the start of nationalism.
● French revolutionaries took many steps to create a feeling of
collective identity:
i) Innovative ideas such as Le citoyen and La Partie
ii) Creation of new French flag.
iii) Election of National Assembly, also renaming from estate
general to National Assembly.
iv) Administrative system which is consolidated.
v) Abolishing of customs and internal duties.
vi) Uniform weights and measures were introduced.
vii) French was getting common language.
3. Napoleonic Code
● Napoleon destroyed France democracy.
● Introduction of Civil code 1804, which was called Napoleonic code.
● Features of this code are:
i) Abolishing of all birth rights and privileges.
ii) Establishment of equality before law.
iii) Security of right to property.
iv) Guild restrictions was removed.
4. New Middle Class
● Politically as well as socially, aristocrats were dominant as far as
population is concerned.
● Peasants were the majority in population.
Class X History www.vedantu.com 1
, ● Since industrialization in England, new social class known as
working class was emerged.
● It included artisans, industrialists, businessman and so on.
5. Liberalism
● Property owning men were only given the right to vote or getting
elected.
● Each and every women and property-less men were restricted from
all political rights.
● It is derived from Latin word ‘root liber’, it means to be free.
● For the end of clerical privilege, autocracy the liberal nationalism
was stood alive.
6. A New Conservatism after 1815
● Major European powers in 1815: Britain, Russia, Prussia and
Austria had defeated Napoleon.
● They use to meet in Vienna to draw up a European settlement called
as treaty of Vienna.
● As per this treaty:
i) Power was restored by Bourbon dynasty.
ii) During Napoleonic wars, France lost all its territories.
iii) 39 states of German Confederation were formed by Napoleon,
left untouched.
iv) On French boundary, borders were made to prevent France
from expanding.
7. The Revolutionaries
Guiseppe Mazzini
● Born in Genoa in 1807.
● Was a member of secret society of carbonate.
● He established 2 secret societies: Young Europe in Berne and
Young Italy in Marseilles.
● Main aim was to unify Italy in a republic.
8. The Age of Revolution: 1830-1848
● Bourbon kings were overthrown to setup a constitutional monarchy
in July 1830.
Class X History www.vedantu.com 2
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