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N450 Hemodynamic (1)
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N450 Hemodynamic (1)
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N450 HemodynamicThree components of hemodynamic monitoring - ANS-pressure, flow, and oxygenation
Three different functions the heart does - ANS-It's a pump, it's an organ, and it has its own
electrophysiological component
Electrophysiological pathway of the heart - ANS-SA node, internodal pathways, AV node,
Bundle of HIS, L&R bundle branches, purkinjie fibers
Depolarization - ANS-Contraction.
(The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into the cell causing the interior
to become more positive.)
Repolarization - ANS-Resting.
Return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium
exits the cell.
AV valves - ANS-Tricuspid & Bicuspid (or mitral) (tri before you bi)
Semi-lunar valves - ANS-pulmonary and aortic
S1 - ANS-Closing of AV valves, beginning of systole. Louder and longer than S2 (Lub)
S2 - ANS-AV valves are open. End of systole, beginning of diastole (Dub)
SA Node heart rate - ANS-60-100 bpm
AV node heart rate - ANS-40-60 bpm
Purkinjie fibers heart rate - ANS-20-40 bpm
P wave represents - ANS-atrial depolarization (contraction).
Should be upright. 0.06-0.12 seconds.
Variation: Disturbance in conduction w/in atria.
QRS complex - ANS-<0.03 seconds
ventricular depolarization. Represents time taken for depolarization of both ventricles.
MI may result in development of Q wave wider than or equal to >0.03 seconds
, T wave represents - ANS-ventricular repolarization (relaxation). Should be upright & well
rounded. Less than half the height of the QRS complex.
Disturbances caused by electrolyte imbalance, ischemia, or infarction.
PR interval time - ANS-0.12-0.20 seconds. Measure from beginning of P wave to beginning of
QRS.
variation: Disturbance in conduction usually in AV node, bundle of His, or bundle branches. Can
be atria as well.
QRS interval time - ANS-0.06-0.12 seconds
pulse pressure - ANS-difference between systolic and diastolic pressure (normally about 1/3 of
SBP)
increased? exercise or atherosclerosis of larger arteries.
decreased? heart failure or hypovolemia
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - ANS-The average pressure within the arterial system felt by the
organs in the body
MAP calculation - ANS-(SBP + 2DBP)/3
A MAP of 60 mm/Hg is needed to adequately perfuse & sustain vital organs. Normal average is
70-105 mm/Hg
cardiac output - ANS-The volume in liters of blood pumped by each ventricle in ONE MINUTE.
normal cardiac output - ANS-4-8 L/min
Cardiac output is comprised of which components - ANS-Stroke volume and heart rate
Stroke Volume (SV) - ANS-The volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat
normal 60-150 ml/beat
Stroke Volume varies based on - ANS-Preload, Afterload, Contractility
Preload - ANS-The volume within the ventricle at the end of diastole.
[degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole]
Afterload - ANS-The forces opposing ventricular ejection including systemic arterial pressure,
the resistance by the aortic value, and the mass and density of the blood to be moved.
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