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Class notes Life Sciences (Biology) on Sketetal system, transport in animals and excretion $4.37   Add to cart

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Class notes Life Sciences (Biology) on Sketetal system, transport in animals and excretion

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iPad written notes on the sketetal system, transport in animals and excretion. Full of colourful diagrams to help visual learners to understand these sections of biology

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  • July 25, 2024
  • 44
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Mr richards
  • All classes
  • 200
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Life science

,-
↑ he Skeletal system

Axial Skeleton



-




Appendicular
Skeleton




3 types of skeletons


endoskeleton
liquid filled carity surrounded
-
-




by muscle

-

exoskeleton -


external skeleton that protects and gives structure
-

endoskeleton -
internal structure that forms framework of bones

,Axial Skeleton

The skull


Frontal bone

Cranium
Suture
-


nasal bone

-



zygomatic arch

maxilla
foramen magnum
mandible



Cranium
- consists of flat immorable bones joined by sutures (protects)
foramen at base to allows spinal
magnum-opening cord to enter brain

facial bones Protects delicate (eyes)
sensory organs
-




The teeth


iii Molars-flattened chewing food
&
surfaces with cusps used to grind/chew
8 Premolars flattened chewing surfaces with cusps used to
grind food
-




E Canines -
cone shaped and used to tear off pieces of food
S
incisors-chisel shaped use to bite off food
=

2 1 2
. . . 32 Human dental formula
2 .
1 2 . . 35




teeth have differentiated structures
All mammals are het eodant to perform specific functions

, The vertebral column




Neck vertebrae (7)



Chest vertebrae (12)
Note :
Curves lend to flexiblity

Lumbar vertebrae (5)


sacrum

coccyx

function :
-


Supports Skull



Protects spinal cord


-
Attachment for ribs , the pectoral and pelvic girdle

Structure :

Vertebrae tied together by ligaments (prevents dislocation
friction and is absorber)
Between each vertebrae is a disc of fibrous
cartilage (prevents a shock

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