AMR Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% CorrectAMR Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% CorrectAMR Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% CorrectAMR Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% CorrectAMR Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Correct
Consequences of AMR - ANSWER-higher medical costs
prolonged hospitaliza...
AMR Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Correct
Consequences of AMR - ANSWER-higher medical costs
prolonged hospitalization
increased mortality
Factors contributing to AMR in healthcare - ANSWER--*antibiotic underuse* :not finishing prescribed dosage
-*use*:increases risk for other infections i.e. C.diff
-*overuse*-given when not needed, wrong dose,etc
-lack of antibiotics
-poor sanitation/hygiene
-use in agriculture
-inadequate infection controls in health care facilities
Time it takes from the introduction of a new antibiotic to the development of resistance - ANSWER-8 years
Why use antibiotics in farming? - ANSWER--growth promoters: antibiotics are known to increase animal weight
-infection control: cheaper alternative to hygiene maintenance
In ____, the FDA approved first antibiotics for the use in poultry, pork, and beef growth promotion - ANSWER-1951
It is estimated that ___% of all antibiotics in the US are used in animals - ANSWER-70
In _____, the UN general Assembly announced that the use of antibiotics in animals is the leading cause of the antibiotic-resistance crisis - ANSWER-2016
MutiLovus Sequence Typing (MLST) - ANSWER-a method of identifying bacterial isolates by directly measuring the DNA sequence variation in housekeeping genes, i.e. E. faecalis ST16
Why isn't is easy to eliminate antibiotic use from farm animals? What can be done to reduce the use? - ANSWER--loss of profit to farm companies
- uncontrolled access to antibiotics
- global regulations, nutritional guidelines, user fee on antimicrobial use
Major reservoirs of antibiotic resistance in the environment - ANSWER--food animals
-pets -humans in the community
-hospitalized patients
Penicillins are produced in: - ANSWER-mold
cephalosporins are produced in: - ANSWER-mold
carbapenams are produced in: - ANSWER-bacteria
monobactams are produced in: - ANSWER-bacteria
clavams are produced in: - ANSWER-bacteria
True or false: antibiotic resistant bacteria occur naturally in soil - ANSWER-True
True or false: 10-90% of antibiotics are excreted in urine and feces, leading to constantly increasing concentration of antibiotics in aquatic environments - ANSWER-
True
Citrus greening disease? How to combat emergence of new antibiotic resistance? - ANSWER--isolate disease free tree, relocate them, use them to make new disease free antibiotic free tree
-use another antibiotic that is not compatible with humans -phage treatment
Who discovered the antimicrobial property of Penicillium mold?
in what year? - ANSWER-Ernest Duchesne, 1897
*his discovery went unnoticed and forgotten
Who "re-discovered" penicillin? - ANSWER-Alexander Fleming
Who published work in ____ on Penicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent? - ANSWER-
Chain and Florey, 1940
What year did penicillin, the miracle drug, become commercially available (w/o a prescription)? - ANSWER-1943
Who won the nobel prize in 1945 for penicillin? - ANSWER-Fleming, Florey, Chain
Antibiotics are not_________, they are ___________. - ANSWER-developed, discovered
Who solved the structure of penicillin using x-ray crystallography? year? - ANSWER-
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, 1945
Beta-lactam structure - ANSWER-house with attached garage
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