AMR Exam 3 Lectures 24-30 (MCB4934/MCB6937 Antimicrobial Resistance UF Lectures 24-30 Exam 3) with Complete Solutions
GLASS stands for - ANSWER-global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system
Collects basic demographic, clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological information from patients - ANSWER-surveillance site
Establishes and oversees the national surveillance program, gathers national AMR data
and communicates with GLASS - ANSWER-national coordinating center
Promotes good lab practices and supports labs in the national surveillance system - ANSWER-national reference laboratory
what are the 8 priority pathogens determined by GLASS? - ANSWER-E. coli
K. Pneumoniae
Acinetobacter spp.
S. aureus
S. Pneumoniae
Salmonella spp.
Shigella spp.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
what are the 4 specimen types that GLASS collects? - ANSWER-blood, urine, stool, genital swabs
CLSI stands for.... - ANSWER-clinical and laboratory standards institute
- educated guess
- non-specific antibiotic prescription
- high potential for failure and development of resistance - ANSWER-empirical diagnosis
- takes days
- non-specific antibiotic prescription
- high potential for resistance - ANSWER-traditional diagnostics
- immediate results
- proper antibiotic prescribed - low potential for resistance - ANSWER-rapid diagnostics
metal-mediated antibacterial inhibition by these two metals - ANSWER-copper and gallium
use of antibiotics to prevent any future infections - ANSWER-prophylaxis
Patients with underlying heart condition or those who have prosthetic joints may require antibiotics prior to __ ___ - ANSWER-dental procedures
Dental procedures can induce __ ___ (infection and inflammation of the heart muscle) - ANSWER-infective endocarditis
antibiotic sensitivity tests include.... - ANSWER-diffusion method (kirby-bauer, stokes); dilution method (MIC test); diffusion/dilution (E-test)
diffusion method: kirby-bauer
- uses ___-containing disks to test
- paper disk with a standardized quantity of antibiotic generates a __ ___ of antibiotic in the agar
- antibiotic diffuse through solid media, creating a ___ __ ___
- the zone of inhibition is proportional to ___ __ to that antibiotic - ANSWER-antibiotic; concentration gradient; zone of inhibition; bacterial susceptibility
diffusion method: stokes method
- variation of the kirby-bauer method
- unknown bacteria compared to known __ ___ samples on the same plate (control)
- 3 different regions:
2 outside regions seeded with ___ ___; middle region seeded with __ __
- 4 different diffusion disks that contain antibiotics are placed at the ___ between different bacterial strains - results interpreted in comparison to controls - ANSWER-antibiotic sensitivity; control bacteria; test strain; midline
dilution method: MIC
- used to determine the minimal concentration of antibiotic required to ___/__ bacteria
- can be done either on __ media or ___ media
- __ concentration of antibiotic added to column 1; serial diluted by a factor of __ down to column 10
- column 11 is the __ control and column 12 is the __ control
- bacteria inoculated into plate, incubation for a set duration of time
- inoculated bacteria inhibited or killed in a ____-____ dependent manner - ANSWER-
inhibit/kill; solid; liquid; highest; 2; positive; negative; concentration-gradient
diffusion/dilution: Epsilometer-test**
- combined both diffusion and dilution methods
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