COMD 4500 exam 1: week 1 & 2 || Questions with correct answers.
acquired correct answers -occurs later in life
-exposure, event, or injury-identified source of problem
-problems that affect an "intact" communication or swallowing system
communication chain correct answers cognitive processing, linguistic processing, motor speech programming, neuromotor execution
cognitive processing correct answers -generate intent to communication
-deciding what you want to say -thinking about the effect it will have on the listener
linguistic processing correct answers -using knowledge of meanings of words, grammar, rules of language to put together an utterance
-generate verbal symbols
-symbols organized according to the rules of language -getting sentence in the right order and using right words
motor speech programming correct answers -translate verbal symbols into a motor plan, a sensorimotor score
-select which muscles need to be activated -what articulators move and how they move in order to produce speech -brain creates plan on how muscles will move -muscles aren't actually moving yet
neuromotor execution correct answers -central and peripheral nervous system involved
-executing the motor speech plan by innervation speech mechanism -SPEECH
speech mechanism/speech subsystems: 5 correct answers respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation, prosody
respiration correct answers breathing
phonation correct answers creation of sound
resonance correct answers quality of sound
articulation correct answers how you create sounds
prosody correct answers the patterns of stress and intonation in a language
voice correct answers -sound produced by vibration of vocal folds (phonation) -voice disorders commonly exist without deficits in cognition, language or speech -however these disorders may co-occur in some instances ___________ involved in speech and voice are involved in the swallow process correct answers similar anatomy
swallow disorders may occur ______ of other communication disorders, but may co-occur depending on _________ correct answers independent, underlying etiology
common etiologies of acquired communication disorders correct answers cerebrovascular accident (CVA, stroke), traumatic brain injury (TBI), brain tumors, surgical trauma, infection, seizures, degenerative neurological diseases
stroke/CVA correct answers -knowns as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or brain attack -5th leading cause of death in US
brain tissue is permanently destroyed or temporarily does not function due to ________ correct answers decreased blood supply (ischemic stroke) or hemorrhage
Traumatic brain injury correct answers -result of an external and forceful event
-closed head nothing goes through the skull
-penetrating something goes through the skull and impacts the brain
common causes of TBI correct answers Falls, motor vehicle accidents (MVA), violent assault, being struck by an object
brain tumor correct answers neoplasm- abnormal growth of cells in brain -pressure on brain can compress/compromise blood flow and neuronal function
primary tumor correct answers brain tumor that originates in the brain
secondary tumor correct answers cancerous tumor that spread from another part of the body to the brain
surgical trauma correct answers -damage to brain tissue that may occur during surgery to the brain. -may result in acquired speech, language, cognitive, and swallowing deficits
-may also cause secondary seizures, additional CVAs, infections, and increased intracranial pressure
infection correct answers -may be viral, fungal, bacterial, parasitic -can impact cognition, language, and motor abilities -encephalitis, meningitis
seizures correct answers -sudden, often periodic, abnormal levels of electric discharge occurring in the brain -SLPS manage symptoms of seizures -mild-moderate can produce a slowly accumulating level of brain damage to the affected areas over time -severe seizure capable of creating immediate brain damage or death
causes of seizures correct answers -stroke, TBI, tumor, surgical trauma, infections, epilepsy -causes may be unknown
