Page 1 of 40 1 WGU D311 MICROBIOLOGY OA EXAM LATEST 2024 -
2025 COMPLETE VERSION 1, 2 & STUDY GUIDE 300 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS D311 WGU MICROBIOLOGY OA EXAM 1 QUESTION: What microbial process is used by bacteria and fungi to produce many common food products, such as soy sauce, bread, and yogurt? A. Nitrogen fixation B. Photosynthesis C. Fermentation D. Biofilm formation - ANSWER -C. Fermentation QUESTION: Which beneficial role do viruses have in the environment? A. Fixing nitrogen at plant roots to promote growth B. Decomposing biomaterials to provide plants with solid nutrients C. Integrating into plant genomes to increase drought tolerance D. Releasing light through bioluminescence to be used for photosynthesis - ANSWER -C. Integrating into plant genomes to increase drought tolerance. QUESTION: A dental hygienist nicked the gum of the patient during a routine cleaning. A mild infection of the gum was followed 10 days later with acute bacterial endocarditis. Which type of infection caused the endocarditis? A. A focal infection Page 2 of 40 2 B. A local infection C. A secondary infection D. A primary infection - ANSWER -A. A focal infection QUESTION: An infected individual riding in a subway car coughs for a few minutes, then leaves. An individual standing at the opposite end of the car one hour after the infected individual left develops symptoms two days later. How was this pathogen transmitted? A. The pathogen exhibits droplet transmission, where mucus droplets travel shor t distances from one set of membranes to another to cause infection. B. The pathogen exhibits airborne transmission, where suspended mucus particles travel long dis ove - ANSWER -The pathogen exhibits airborne transmission, where suspended mucus particles t ravel long distances over time to cause infection. QUESTION: What is the most common portal of exit for vector -transmitted diseases such as West Nile virus? A. Blood B. Feces C. Mucus D. Skin - ANSWER -A. Blood QUESTION: Which type of transmission describ es a parent catching the common cold virus when caring for their sick child? A. Vector transmission B. Direct contact transmission C. Zoonotic transmission Page 3 of 40 3 D. Vertical transmission - ANSWER -B. Direct contact transmission QUESTION: Which organism is implicated if type 1 fimbriae are used to attach to intestinal epithelial cells? A. Streptococcus pyogenes B. Escherichia coli C. Neisseria gonorrhoeae D. Vibrio cholerae - ANSWER -B. Escherichia coli QUESTION: A patient presents with an infection on an implant. What should the clinician consider in planning the treatment course? A. The infection is likely a biofilm, causing a physical barrier to antibiotics B. The infection is likely a biofilm, causing the organisms under the surface to die C. The infection is likely a biofilm, causing a scarcity of resources for the population D. The infection is likely a biofilm, causing the organisms to be a homogeneous popula tion - ANSWER -A. The infection is likely a biofilm, causing a physical barrier to antibiotics. QUESTION: Which outcome is a direct result of the increased "leakiness" of capillaries during inflammation? A. Edema B. Paleness C. Complement activation D. Ph agocytosis - ANSWER -A. Edema Page 4 of 40 4 QUESTION: To reach pathogens located in infected tissue, leukocytes must pass through the walls of small capillary blood vessels within tissues. What is this process called? A. Extravasation B. Opsonization C. Phagocytosis D. Adhesión - ANSWER -A. Extravasation QUESTION: How is incidence different than prevalence? - ANSWER -Incidence is the number of new cases over a given span of time, whereas prevalence is the total number of cases at a given point in time. QUESTION: A novel disease is epidemic in three countri es. What should the World Health Organization do first to manage the spread? A. Determine the Etiologic agent B. Create a vaccine for the disease C. Restrict travel to the area D. Provide antibiotics for all exposed individuals - ANSWER -A. Determine the etiologic agent. QUESTION: What role does contact tracing play in disease prevention? A. Promotes transmission of local outbreaks as they develop into epidemics B. Collects data on local morbidity and mortality from exposure to an infectious disease
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